A Fuzzy Rule Base Approach for Intelligent Protection of Microgrids

Fuzzy Based Algorithm for Stage-I of Cascaded Intelligent Relaying

“…Thus, from the above explanations, it is very clear that the validation of developing an intelligent relay is confirmed by incorporating Gaussian membership function as an input to the black box for any fuzzy algorithm based relaying system. This intelligent relaying is very much beneficial for introducing the protective zone in the case of smart grid [11] [12] and micro grid as well [13]. The use of intelligent relaying is also necessary and most important for upgrading the protective system configuration of Intelligent Sub Station [14] [15].…”

Differential Analysis of Fault Currents in a Power Distribution Feeder Using abc, αβ0, and dq0 Reference Frames

“…This representation shows the spectral characteristics of the current and voltage signals, allowing the detection and interpretation of transients. The ST was used in the pre-processing of current signals from a distribution feeder with microgrids to obtain system characteristics that later served as input conditions for a computational tool, based on the tree decision (TD) and fuzzy logic (FL), used to detect and classify faults [38]. A differential protection technique was proposed in [39], in which the feeder currents are measured at both ends and then pre-processed with the ST to generate time and frequency contours.…”

“…The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is based on the considerable difference in its coefficients during symmetric fault conditions. A discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based fault characteristic extractor was proposed to obtain amplitude, phase, and frequency informa-tion from current and voltage signals [38]. This information was used to determine each feeder's status in the power system.…”

Identification and nature detection of series and shunt faults in types I, III and IV wind turbines and PV integrated hybrid microgrid with a fuzzy logic‐based adaptive protection scheme

“…n is the total number of DGs in the microgrid; in this case, it is two (2). However, in this paper, the independent q 0 components with transient reactance change are considered for simple and less time‐consuming fault detection in <30 ms. Also, in [33], transient states of fault current with different DGs are not included. However, in this paper, independent q 0 components with transient reactance change are considered, which are extended in this paper for further contribution.…”