“…Because of the advantages such as rationality and comprehensiveness of GDM results, GDM methods have been widely used in industrial design, supply chain management, operations research, and risk evaluation ( Maghsoodi et al, 2019 , Banaeian et al, 2018 , Islam et al, 2019 , Zhang et al, 2021 , He et al, 2021 ). However, in a complex decision environment, it may occur that the evaluation attributes cannot be determined, or the decision-maker is unable to perform the evaluation due to too many attributes, their own knowledge structure, or limited ability level ( Kropat et al, 2016 , Kropat and Weber, 2018 , Tirkolaee and Aydin, 2022 , Kalantari et al, 2022 , Goli et al, 2021 ). Thus, the decision-makers choose a very effective and simple method to compare alternatives two by two to determine the preference between alternatives, constructing a judgment matrix that reflects the preference relations (PRs) ( Orlovsky, 1978 , Grobelny et al, 2021 ).…”