“…Various optimization studies have also been conducted, including by Billinton and Pan [6], Charles-Owaba [12], Christiaanse [16], El-Sharkh [25], Yamayee et al [74], and Zurn and Quintana [76,77]. Models have been developed for different situations: proportional intensities, full history, warranted products, finite source, uncertainty, deregulated systems and planning.…”