A Further Study of the Incidence of Cancer of the Lung and Larynx

Abstract

THE data given below are derived from an examination of the death certificates of cases of cancer of the lung and of the larynx in males from England and Wales for the years 1921 to 1938 inclusive. The figures for the first 12 years of this period (1921 to 1932) were dealt with in an earlier paper (Kennaway and Kennaway, 1936); the material from the subsequent six years has now been INCIDENCE OF CANCER OF LUNG AND LARYNX Factors which may affect the value of the individual death certificate are: (3) Duration of employment.-The individual entry in the death register does not give, and is not intended to give, any information about the length of 44 FIG. 2.-Deaths from cancer of lung. Males. A. General population. 1921-1944. B. Coal miners.

A Study of Occupational Associations with Gastric Cancer

“…This occupation group includes craftsmen, foremen, operatives, and laborers in 15 metal industries ranging from blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills through various metal machinery and transportation equipment manufacturing industries. As shown in row 2b of 8 Excluded were cases whose assigned exoosure to iron dust was on jobs around metal with descriptions such as, "loading and checking parts," "stock room hauling," "inspector," "maintenance man in plant," "railroad car repairman," "oiler and washer," etc.…”

Integrating Field Analyses with Laboratory Exposures to Assess Ecosystems Health

“…(1991) Assessment Kennaway and Kennaway (1947) analysed the mortality from cancer of the lung and larynx by occupation in England and Wales in 1921-38 that had been reported earlier (Kennaway & Kennaway, 1936). Data on occupation were obtained from death certificates; the population at risk in each occupation was estimated from national census data, which allowed the calculation of age-adjusted expected numbers of cancers by occupation.…”

“…In the study by Kennaway and Kennaway (1947) Reid and Buck (1956) reported a mortality study of British coke workers, in which deaths among coke plant workers from 1949 to 1954 were identified from the Carbonization Department of the National Coal Board. Causes of death were ascertained either from claims to the trade union's funeral fund that required death certificates, or from the General Registrar's Office.…”

“…Other studies which are largely or completely restricted to bitumen exposure are not reviewed here and they will be addressed in a later monograph on bitumen (Maizlish et al, 1988; Bender et al, 1989;Hansen, 1989a Hansen, ,b, 1991Watkins et al, 2002). Kennaway and Kennaway (1947) analysed mortality from lung and laryngeal cancer in 1921-38 in England and Wales using the occupation recorded on the death certificate and occupational data from the census to calculate expected deaths by occupation. In the category 'paviours, street masons, concretors, asphalters', 26 deaths from lung cancer occurred (SMR, 1.64; [95% CI, 1.07-2.40]) and 13 deaths from laryngeal cancer occurred (SMR, 1.40; [95% CI,).…”

“…A report to the Registrar General for England and Wales (Henry, 1937) indicated a clear excess of skin cancer among chimney sweeps. Kennaway and Kennaway (1947) reported mortality among chimney sweeps in England and Wales; 21 deaths from lung cancer occurred compared with 17.6 expected (SMR, 1.19; [95% CI, 0.74-1.82]). [Different sources were used to obtain occupational titles for the numerator and denominator of the occupational death rates, which may have caused bias in the estimated risks.]…”