A Further Study of Experimental Blacktongue with Special Reference to the Blacktongue Preventive in Yeast

Nutritional Adequacy, Nutrient Availability and Needs

“…Dogs proved useful model animals; a pellagrous human diet induced a disease-condition,blacktongue, with some striking similarities to pellagra (Goldberger & Wheeler, 1928). They had, in fact, provided Goldberger with the first evidence of the potency of yeast extracts (Goldberger et al, 1918a). After Goldberger's death in 1929, and when nicotinic acid had been shown to be both a constituent of a co-enzyme (Warburg & Christian, 1935) and a growth factor for bacteria (Knight, 1937), work.ers at Wisconsin University tested nicotinic acid and found that it cured dogs with blacktongue (Elvehjem et al, 1937).…”

The Blacktongue-Preventive Value of 7 Foodstuffs

“…The general method of conducting these experiments has been described in previous publications of this series (2,5). As in the studies previously reported, the basic diet used has been our blacktongue-producing diet no.…”

“…It was then incorporated in the basic diet, the composition of which is shown in table 6. Our experience with autoclaved yeast indicates that autoclaving does not destroy the pellagra-preventive factor (5). A suitable portion of this diet was offered daily to each of 5 test aninmals-dogs 110, 190, 195, 223, and 226.…”

“…The cooked shoulder and other ingredients were then well stirred in and the total weight was brought to 2.400 grams with water (so that 1 gram represented 1 calorie). The finished mixture was served to the dogs in suitable calorie portions.2 Wrhole white maize meal sifted as for human constumption 5. The variety known as the Califorinia black-eyed pea.All of the dogs conmpleted 1 year on this diet in apparent good health.…”

Observations on the Treatment of Pellagra

“…A study of yeast as a therapeutic agent Goldberger and his associates (3,12) showed that yeast, when added to a deficient diet, was efficacious in the prevention, and sometimes in the treatment of black tongue in dogs and pellagra in human beings. Later they concluded (3) from studies in prevention that both pellagra and blacktongue were due solely to the lack of vitamin G (anti-dermatitis vitamin) which is the heat stable portion of the vitamin B complex.…”