“…The minority elements in the bone can be located as substitutional or interstitial atoms. The structural and vibrational properties of biogenic HAp [27,28] ν -COOH (G) 3,570 abc 3,571 [29] ν O-H (Absorbed H 2 O) (H) 3,360 ac 3,367 [27] ν C-H (I) 2,925 a 2,923, 2,850 [27] (J) 2,854 a Amide I (C¼O) (K) 1,642 ab 1,670 [30] 1,642 [31] Amide II (L) 1,543 1,547 [32] ν 3as CO 3 2− (M) 1,454 abc 1,430, 1,457 [31] (N) 1,412 ab 1,417 [29] 1,415-1,416, 1,460-1461 [27] ν 1s CO 3 2− (O) 1,088 abc 1,089 [33] ν 3 PO 4 3− (O) 1,088 abc 1,099 [31] (P) 1,014 abc 1,043 [27] 1,033-1,035 [28] ν 1 PO 4 3− (Q) 960 abc 960-963 [27][28][29] 978 [30] ν 2as CO 3 2− (R) 872 ab 875 [31] 871-873 [27,29] ν O-H Libration modes of HAp (S) 630 abc 632-633 [28,30] ν 4 PO 4…”