“…To date, no integrated, fully fleshed-out model of best practices in rider education and licensing has been developed. Past studies have examined the benefits of rider education (Jonah, Dawson, & Bragg, 1982;Lawlor & Swain, 1978;Satten, 1980), its relationship to severe or fatal crashes (McDavid et al, 1989;Mortimer, 1982Mortimer, , 1988, or whether trained riders were more likely to engage in certain types of behaviors (e.g., obtain a valid license, wear protective gear, abstain from drinking and riding, and avoid other risky riding behavior; Billheimer, 1996;Perrino et al, 2002;Swaddiwudhipong, Boonmak, Nguntra, & Mahasakpan, 1998). However, these studies have been plagued by weak methodological designs (i.e., lack of randomization) and an inability to relate outcome measures to specific features of the rider education and licensing process (Chesham, Rutter, & Quine, 1993;Simpson & Mayhew, 1990).…”