A fungal-responsive MAPK cascade regulates phytoalexin biosynthesis in
            <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Ren, Dongtao; Liu, Yidong; Yang, Kwang-Yeol; Han, Leng; Mao, Guohong; Glazebrook, Jane; Zhang, Shuqun

doi:10.1073/pnas.0711301105

Cited by 327 publications

(377 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…MEK2-SIPK/NTF6 plays a pivotal role in nitric oxide and ROS generation (Asai et al, 2008). In Arabidopsis thaliana, MPK6 and MPK3, orthologs of SIPK and WIPK, respectively, regulate the synthesis of camalexin, the major Arabidopsis phytoalexin (Ren et al, 2008). However, there is no information about the role of this MAPK pathway in basal resistance to adapted pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheColletotrichum orbiculare ssd1Mutant EnhancesNicotiana benthamianaBasal Resistance by Activating a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway

et al. 2009

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Plant basal resistance is activated by virulent pathogens in susceptible host plants. A Colletotrichum orbiculare fungal mutant defective in the SSD1 gene, which regulates cell wall composition, is restricted by host basal resistance responses. Here, we identified the Nicotiana benthamiana signaling pathway involved in basal resistance by silencing the defenserelated genes required for restricting the growth of the C. orbiculare mutant. Only silencing of MAP Kinase Kinase2 or of both Salicylic Acid Induced Protein Kinase (SIPK) and Wound Induced Protein Kinase (WIPK), two mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, allowed the mutant to infect and produce necrotic lesions similar to those of the wild type on inoculated leaves. The fungal mutant penetrated host cells to produce infection hyphae at a higher frequency in SIPK WIPK-silenced plants than in nonsilenced plants, without inducing host cellular defense responses. Immunocomplex kinase assays revealed that SIPK and WIPK were more active in leaves inoculated with mutant fungus than with the wild type, suggesting that induced resistance correlates with MAP kinase activity. Infiltration of heat-inactivated mutant conidia induced both SIPK and WIPK more strongly than did those of the wild type, while conidial exudates of the wild type did not suppress MAP kinase induction by mutant conidia. Therefore, activation of a specific MAP kinase pathway by fungal cell surface components determines the effective level of basal plant resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheColletotrichum orbiculare ssd1Mutant EnhancesNicotiana benthamianaBasal Resistance by Activating a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway

et al. 2009

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“…These studies demonstrate the importance of the complex modulation of plant metabolism and defense responses during pathogen infection. These changes activate a series of biological signaling mechanisms such as Ca 2ϩ influx (8,9), kinase cascades (10,11), reactive oxygen species (12,13), and phytohormone signaling pathways (14). However, so far none of these studies has addressed quantitative changes of grapevine protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) 1 upon pathogen infection, which we believe would provide novel insights into the underlying molecular processes that may eventually yield novel strategies for pathogen control in the field.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modulation of Protein Phosphorylation, N-Glycosylation and Lys-Acetylation in Grape (Vitis vinifera) Mesocarp and Exocarp Owing to Lobesia botrana Infection

Melo‐Braga

Verano‐Braga

León

et al. 2012

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

111

112

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Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is an economically important fruit crop that is subject to many types of insect and pathogen attack. To better elucidate the plant response to Lobesia botrana pathogen infection, we initiated a global comparative proteomic study monitoring steady-state protein expression as well as changes in N-glycosylation, phosphorylation, and Lys-acetylation in control and infected mesocarp and exocarp from V. vinifera cv Italia. A multi-parallel, large-scale proteomic approach employing iTRAQ labeling prior to three peptide enrichment techniques followed by tandem mass spectrometry led to the identification of a total of 3059 proteins, 1135 phosphorylation sites, 323 N-linked glycosylation sites and 138 Lysacetylation sites. Of these, we could identify changes in abundance of 899 proteins. The occupancy of 110 phosphorylation sites, 10 N-glycosylation sites and 20 Lysacetylation sites differentially changed during L. botrana infection. Sequence consensus analysis for phosphorylation sites showed eight significant motifs, two of which containing up-regulated phosphopeptides (X-G-S-X and S-X-X-D) and two containing down-regulated phosphopeptides (R-X-X-S and S-D-X-E) in response to

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“…Among the 20 Arabidopsis MPKs, MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6 are implicated in defense responses and have been most extensively studied (Innes, 2001;Pitzschke et al, 2009b). While MPK3 and MPK6 act as positive regulators of defense responses (Asai et al, 2002;Menke et al, 2005;Takahashi et al, 2007;Ren et al, 2008;Mao et al, 2011), MPK4 negatively regulates defense responses (Petersen et al, 2000;Brodersen et al, 2006;Gao et al, 2008). Besides its role in defense, MPK4 also plays a role in cytokinesis (Kosetsu et al, 2010;Beck et al, 2011;Zeng et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Soybean Homologs of MPK4 Negatively Regulate Defense Responses and Positively Regulate Growth and Development

et al. 2011

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in disease resistance in model plant species such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). However, the importance of MAPK signaling pathways in the disease resistance of crops is still largely uninvestigated. To better understand the role of MAPK signaling pathways in disease resistance in soybean (Glycine max), 13, nine, and 10 genes encoding distinct MAPKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKKKs, respectively, were silenced using virus-induced gene silencing mediated by Bean pod mottle virus. Among the plants silenced for various MAPKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKKKs, those in which GmMAPK4 homologs (GmMPK4s) were silenced displayed strong phenotypes including stunted stature and spontaneous cell death on the leaves and stems, the characteristic hallmarks of activated defense responses. Microarray analysis showed that genes involved in defense responses, such as those in salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways, were significantly up-regulated in GmMPK4-silenced plants, whereas genes involved in growth and development, such as those in auxin signaling pathways and in cell cycle and proliferation, were significantly down-regulated. As expected, SA and hydrogen peroxide accumulation was significantly increased in GmMPK4-silenced plants. Accordingly, GmMPK4-silenced plants were more resistant to downy mildew and Soybean mosaic virus compared with vector control plants. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis and in vitro kinase assays, we determined that GmMKK1 and GmMKK2 might function upstream of GmMPK4. Taken together, our results indicate that GmMPK4s negatively regulate SA accumulation and defense response but positively regulate plant growth and development, and their functions are conserved across plant species.

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A fungal-responsive MAPK cascade regulates phytoalexin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

Cited by 327 publications

References 41 publications

TheColletotrichum orbiculare ssd1Mutant EnhancesNicotiana benthamianaBasal Resistance by Activating a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway

TheColletotrichum orbiculare ssd1Mutant EnhancesNicotiana benthamianaBasal Resistance by Activating a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway

Modulation of Protein Phosphorylation, N-Glycosylation and Lys-Acetylation in Grape (Vitis vinifera) Mesocarp and Exocarp Owing to Lobesia botrana Infection

Soybean Homologs of MPK4 Negatively Regulate Defense Responses and Positively Regulate Growth and Development

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