A fungal mating type protein that regulates sexual and asexual development contains a POU-related domain.

Tymon, A.; Kües, Ursula; Richardson, Wendy V. J.; Casselton, Lorna A.

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05232.x

Cited by 75 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…It is not known whether the A mating-type products are positive or negative regulators of development, since morphological observations do not show whether a regulatory effect is direct or indirect. Analysis of monokaryons transformed with A genes of another specificity ("A on" transformants) revealed a negative function of compatible A genes on the production of oidia and positive effects not only on the formation of clamp cells but also on the formation of chlamydospores, hyphal knots, and fruiting-body initials (232,258,261,307,358,477), consistent with the earlier observations with common B heterokaryons and Amut homokaryons (see above) ( Table 1). The mating-type-encoded transcription factors of C. cinereus and other basidiomycetes (S. commune and Ustilago spp.)…”

Section: Mating-type Locisupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Paralogous genes from the same A haplotype and also allelic versions from other A haplotype are very different in sequence, with the highest conservation in the regions containing the homeodomain motifs. Paralogous genes have a DNA sequence identity between 40 and 50%, allelic genes DNA homologies between 60 and 70% (16,131,258,308,477). Domain swaps indicated that allele specificity resides within the highly variable N termini of the proteins and subsequent in vitro studies on Cterminally truncated proteins showed that the 120-to 150-aa N termini are indeed discriminating HD1-HD2 protein dimerization domains (22,258).…”

Section: Vol 64 2000 Developmental Processes In Coprinus Cinereusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in an elegant study using a heterologous onion-␤-glucuronidase (GUS) expression system, Spit et al (442) demonstrated that NLSs are present in HD1 but not in HD2 proteins, which is consistent with a dual nuclear function of HD1 proteins, one in transport of HD2 proteins into the nucleus by heterodimerization and another independent of HD2 proteins. Different HD1 proteins seem to make different use of two possible NLS sequences (NLS1 and NLS2), both found C-terminal to the homeodomains (16,258,477). NLS1 is essential in the HD1 protein b1-1, encoded in a b gene pair (442).…”

Section: Vol 64 2000 Developmental Processes In Coprinus Cinereusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Introduction of an NLS into an HD2 protein can transfer the protein into the nucleus but does not render the protein independent of HD1 proteins, indicating that an NLS is not the only contribution of the HD1 partners in the HD1-HD2 heterodimeric complex (442). Using a yeast two-hybrid system, a potential transactivation domain was located in a C-terminal part of HD1 proteins known to be essential for heterodimer function in C. cinereus (22,258,477).…”

Section: Vol 64 2000 Developmental Processes In Coprinus Cinereusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Kües

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

432

336

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SUMMARY Coprinus cinereus has two main types of mycelia, the asexual monokaryon and the sexual dikaryon, formed by fusion of compatible monokaryons. Syngamy (plasmogamy) and karyogamy are spatially and temporally separated, which is typical for basidiomycetous fungi. This property of the dikaryon enables an easy exchange of nuclear partners in further dikaryotic-monokaryotic and dikaryotic-dikaryotic mycelial fusions. Fruiting bodies normally develop on the dikaryon, and the cytological process of fruiting-body development has been described in its principles. Within the specialized basidia, present within the gills of the fruiting bodies, karyogamy occurs in a synchronized manner. It is directly followed by meiosis and by the production of the meiotic basidiospores. The synchrony of karyogamy and meiosis has made the fungus a classical object to study meiotic cytology and recombination. Several genes involved in these processes have been identified. Both monokaryons and dikaryons can form multicellular resting bodies (sclerotia) and different types of mitotic spores, the small uninucleate aerial oidia, and, within submerged mycelium, the large thick-walled chlamydospores. The decision about whether a structure will be formed is made on the basis of environmental signals (light, temperature, humidity, and nutrients). Of the intrinsic factors that control development, the products of the two mating type loci are most important. Mutant complementation and PCR approaches identified further genes which possibly link the two mating-type pathways with each other and with nutritional regulation, for example with the cAMP signaling pathway. Among genes specifically expressed within the fruiting body are those for two galectins, β-galactoside binding lectins that probably act in hyphal aggregation. These genes serve as molecular markers to study development in wild-type and mutant strains. The isolation of genes for potential non-DNA methyltransferases, needed for tissue formation within the fruiting body, promises the discovery of new signaling pathways, possibly involving secondary fungal metabolites.

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Section: Mating-type Locisupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Vol 64 2000 Developmental Processes In Coprinus Cinereusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vol 64 2000 Developmental Processes In Coprinus Cinereusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vol 64 2000 Developmental Processes In Coprinus Cinereusmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Kües

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

432

336

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“…We believe that the most obvious explanation is that the developmental defects were a consequence of the cell cycle impairment. In C. cinerea developmental decisions are controlled by environmental conditions as well as by an appropriated balance of the mating-type regulators (Tymon et al 1992;Kües et al 1998Kües et al , 2002b. Therefore it seems likely that any condition affecting the correct dose of mating-type regulators will affect the further developmental decisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A DNA Damage Checkpoint Pathway Coordinates the Division of Dikaryotic Cells in the Ink Cap MushroomCoprinopsis cinerea

et al. 2013

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The fungal fruiting body or mushroom is a multicellular structure essential for sexual reproduction. It is composed of dikaryotic cells that contain one haploid nucleus from each mating partner sharing the same cytoplasm without undergoing nuclear fusion. In the mushroom, the pileus bears the hymenium, a layer of cells that includes the specialized basidia in which nuclear fusion, meiosis, and sporulation occur. Coprinopsis cinerea is a well-known model fungus used to study developmental processes associated with the formation of the fruiting body. Here we describe that knocking down the expression of Atr1 and Chk1, two kinases shown to be involved in the response to DNA damage in a number of eukaryotic organisms, dramatically impairs the ability to develop fruiting bodies in C. cinerea, as well as other developmental decisions such as sclerotia formation. These developmental defects correlated with the impairment in silenced strains to sustain an appropriated dikaryotic cell cycle. Dikaryotic cells in which chk1 or atr1 genes were silenced displayed a higher level of asynchronous mitosis and as a consequence aberrant cells carrying an unbalanced dose of nuclei. Since fruiting body initiation is dependent on the balanced mating-type regulator doses present in the dikaryon, we believe that the observed developmental defects were a consequence of the impaired cell cycle in the dikaryon. Our results suggest a connection between the DNA damage response cascade, cell cycle regulation, and developmental processes in this fungus. IN fungal cells, mating-the process equivalent to fertilizationbrings together two haploid nuclei in the same cytoplasm. It is generally thought that this process is essentially followed by nuclear fusion, resulting in a diploid nucleus that either enters meiosis immediately (as occurs in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe) or is maintained and proliferates in the diploid state (as happens in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae). However, in a large number of fungi, mating does not result in diploid nuclei. Instead, they form dikaryons, cells that contain one haploid nucleus from each mating partner sharing the same cytoplasm for a period of time without undergoing nuclear fusion or meiosis. These dikaryons continue to propagate, and eventually nuclear fusion will take place, which will be followed by meiosis, closing the sexual cycle (Brown and Casselton 2001).Dikaryon cell division, also called conjugate division, represents a big challenge to the cell since it has to ensure that each daughter dikaryon inherits a balance of each parental genome. For that, a complex cell cycle is required that involves distinct mechanisms to maintain heterokaryosis after cell division. For example, for a large number of Basidiomycota (e.g., the mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea), conjugate division includes the formation of a structure known as the clamp connection or clamp cell, as well as the sorting of one of the nuclei to this structure (Casselton 1978;Brown and Casselton 2001). In the...

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The DNA binding specificity of the bipartite POU domain and its subdomains.

et al. 1992

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The POU domain is a conserved DNA binding region of approximately 160 amino acids present in a family of eukaryotic transcription factors that play regulatory roles in development. The POU domain consists of two subdomains, the POU‐specific (POUS) domain and a POU‐type homeodomain (POUHD). We show here that, like the POUHD, the Oct‐1 POUS domain can bind autonomously to DNA but with low affinity. DNA binding studies and in vitro binding site selection revealed that the POU subdomains each have a different sequence specificity. The binding consensus of the POUS domain [gAATAT(G/T)CA] and POUHD (RTAATNA) respectively overlap the ‘left half’ and right half' of the POU domain recognition sequence [a(a/t)TATGC(A/T) AAT(t/a)t]. In addition to the core sequence, which is very similar to the octamer motif (ATGCAAAT), the flanking bases make a significant contribution to the binding affinity of the POU domain. Interestingly, at some positions the sequence preferences of the isolated POU subdomains are distinct from those of the POU domain, suggesting that the POU domain binding site is more than a simple juxtaposition of the POUS and POUHD target sequences. In addition, analysis of the binding kinetics of the POU domain and POUHD indicates that the POUS domain enhances the binding affinity by reducing the dissociation rate. Our results show that the POU domain proteins have DNA binding properties distinct from those of classic homeodomain proteins. We suggest a model for the way in which an additional conserved domain adds further specificity to DNA recognition by homeodomain proteins.

show abstract

A fungal mating type protein that regulates sexual and asexual development contains a POU-related domain.

Cited by 75 publications

References 66 publications

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

A DNA Damage Checkpoint Pathway Coordinates the Division of Dikaryotic Cells in the Ink Cap MushroomCoprinopsis cinerea

The DNA binding specificity of the bipartite POU domain and its subdomains.

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