A fundamental tribochemical study of the third body layer formed during automotive friction braking

Wirth, A.; Eggleston, D. M.; Whitaker, R.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(94)90222-4

Cited by 117 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Similarly Kemmer showed that CoF has a correlation to the amount of iron oxide particles in the interface [43]. He also claimed that thickness of the third body has an influence on the frictional performance but in the work by Wirth et al [61] this was not observed.…”

Section: Tribological Interfacementioning

confidence: 53%

“…Furthermore chemical composition strongly depends on the loading conditions during most recent brake applications [60,43]. Composition of the third body influences the CoF for a given tribological system [61,43] e.g. diffusion of oxidized iron particles into the friction material affects the CoF of tribological system as shown by Severin and Dörsch [62].…”

Section: Tribological Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that composition of a third body influences the CoF for a given tribological system [61,62,43]. It is [45].…”

Section: Dependence Of Tribological Behavior On Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of disc brakes and related phenomena - a review

Rashid

2014

IJVNV

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Disc brakes have evolved over time to be a reliable method of decelerating and stopping a vehicle. There have been different designs of disc brake systems for different applications. This review gives a detailed description of different geometries of the components and the materials used in a disc brake system. In spite of all the improvements, there are still many operational issues related to disc brakes that need to be understood in a greater detail and resolved. There has been a lot of research going on about these issues and at the same time different methods are being proposed to eliminate or reduce them. There has also been an intensive fundamental research going on about the evolution of tribological interface of disc-pad system. One major purpose of the present paper is to give a comprehensive overview of all such developments.

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Section: Tribological Interfacementioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Tribological Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of disc brakes and related phenomena - a review

Rashid

2014

IJVNV

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“…These findings further support formerly published data by Filip [15] revealing the complex character of the "friction layer". It is necessary to note that the friction layer is called "friction film" by several authors [17,18,19], and it was also described as "transfer layer" [20,21], "transfer film" [22], "third body" layer [17,23], "tribo-layer" [2], "tribofilm" [24], "mechanically mixed layer" (MML) [25], and as "first and secondary plateaus" [16,26]. Former work of Filip [27] clearly demonstrated that the friction layer consists of very fine wear particulates that are pressed and sintered together and chemistry of this layer can vary within one pad and also within one "patch".…”

Section: µM µMmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear mechanism in automotive brake materials, wear debris and its potential environmental impact

Kukutschová

Roubíček

Malachová

et al. 2009

Wear

150

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A model semi-metallic brake lining was subjected to full scale automotive brake dynamometer tests. The structural properties and surface topography of brake linings were analyzed at different stages of wear testing and correlated to frictional performance. Characteristics of released wear particles were also addressed. A combination of abrasive and adhesive wear with oxidative processes dominated the friction process. Formation of a friction layer adhering to the friction surfaces of pads and discs is the major feature responsible for friction performance. Characteristics of the friction layer depend mostly on surface temperature, normal pressure, and sliding speed. It is a newly formed sintered composite matter consisting of a mixture of wear particulates. Wear rates and friction levels depend on chemistry, structure and hardness of the friction layer covering the surface of a pad or a disc; however, there is no simple Archard-type relationship between wear and measured hardness.Wear debris generated during the dynamometer tests was collected from containers placed under the brake inside dynamometer chamber. The collected debris was compared with ball-milled particles from identical brake lining. It is necessary to combine several analytical methods to characterize wear particles properly. The presence of copper and iron oxides as well as carbonaceous components is typical for all collected debris samples. Chemistry of wear debris resembles chemistry of the friction layer. Composition, mutagenic potency and pulmonary toxicity of wear debris and ball-milled particles were also analyzed. Mutagenic potency of initial friction composite and wear particles was evaluated by two in vitro bacterial microbioassays (SOS Chromotest, Ames test). Obtained results show potency of wear particles for interacting with DNA after metabolic activation, which indicates the presence of indirect mutagens. The pulmonary toxicity test on rats revealed an acute response of the lung tissue to the ball-milled particles. Further research is necessary to address the role of brake wear particles and potential impact of sub-chronic exposure to wear debris.

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“…To achieve such, most practiced strategy is to establish a sustainable friction surface on the contact regions by promoting the deposition of transferred materials 8,9 , through optimising the chemical composition of a friction material that includes reinforcement, abrasive, lubricant and filler that are bonded together by resin or metal 10 . Whilst such a strategy is proved very successful in tailoring or optimising the friction coefficient of a brake that consists of a cast iron rotor, recent research demonstrated that, for a brake consisting of SiC-based composite disc, it was difficult to develop a sustainable friction surface with a friction transfer layer successfully deposited 11,12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction and surface fracture of a silicon carbide ceramic brake disc tested against a steel pad

Bian

2015

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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A fundamental tribochemical study of the third body layer formed during automotive friction braking

Cited by 117 publications

References 4 publications

Overview of disc brakes and related phenomena - a review

Overview of disc brakes and related phenomena - a review

Wear mechanism in automotive brake materials, wear debris and its potential environmental impact

Friction and surface fracture of a silicon carbide ceramic brake disc tested against a steel pad

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