A Functional Safety OpenMP $$^{*}$$ for Critical Real-Time Embedded Systems

Royuela, Sara; Durán, Alejandro; Serrano, María-Antonia; Quiñones, Eduardo; Martorell, Xavier

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65578-9_16

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In other words, the system must guarantee that it operates correctly in response to its inputs, and that system operations are performed within a predefined time budget. A recent work evaluated the suitability of OpenMP from a functional perspective [29]. This paper complements that work and evaluates OpenMP from a timing behavior perspective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Recently, a response-time analysis has been proposed for a DAG task supporting heterogeneous computing [36]: the OpenMP accelerator model is proposed to address heterogeneous architectures. From a functional safety perspective, OpenMP is considered as a convenient candidate to implement real-time systems, although some features and restrictions must be addressed [29]. Based on the potential of existent correctness techniques for OpenMP, it could be introduced in safe languages such as Ada [30,32,31], widely used to implement safety-critical systems.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Towards an OpenMP Specification for Critical Real-Time Systems

Serrano

Royuela

Quiñones

2018

Evolving OpenMP for Evolving Architectures

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OpenMP is increasingly being considered as a convenient parallel programming model to cope with the performance requirements of critical real-time systems. Recent works demonstrate that OpenMP enables to derive guarantees on the functional and timing behavior of the system, a fundamental requirement of such systems. These works, however, focus only on the exploitation of fine grain parallelism and do not take into account the peculiarities of critical real-time systems, commonly composed of a set of concurrent functionalities. OpenMP allows exploiting the parallelism exposed within real-time tasks and among them. This paper analyzes the challenges of combining the concurrency model of real-time tasks with the parallel model of OpenMP. We demonstrate that OpenMP is suitable to develop advanced critical real-time systems by virtue of few changes on the specification, which allow the scheduling behavior desired (regarding execution priorities, preemption, migration and allocation strategies) in such systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an OpenMP Specification for Critical Real-Time Systems

Serrano

Royuela

Quiñones

2018

Evolving OpenMP for Evolving Architectures

Self Cite

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“…In this context, fine-grained models such as OpenMP or Pthreads [27,35,41] are already being considered as appropriate solutions to leverage the potential of the newest embedded systems. Particularly, OpenMP has been shown to provide time predictability [30,31] and correctness [26] capabilities at parallel programming model level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences on the characterization of parallel applications in embedded systems with Extrae/Paraver

Munera

Royuela

Llort

et al. 2020

49th International Conference on Parallel Processing - ICPP

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Cutting-edge functionalities in embedded systems require the use of parallel architectures to meet their performance requirements. This imposes the introduction of a new layer in the software stacks of embedded systems: the parallel programming model. Unfortunately, the tools used to analyze embedded systems fall short to characterize the performance of parallel applications at a parallel programming model level, and correlate this with information about non-functional requirements such as real-time, energy, memory usage, etc. HPC tools, like Extrae, are designed with that level of abstraction in mind, but their main focus is on performance evaluation. Overall, providing insightful information about the performance of parallel embedded applications at the parallel programming model level, and relate it to the non-functional requirements, is of paramount importance to fully exploit the performance capabilities of parallel embedded architectures. This paper contributes to the state-of-the-art of analysis tools for embedded systems by: (1) analyzing the particular constraints of embedded systems compared to HPC systems (e.g., static setting, restricted memory, limited drivers) to support HPC analysis tools; (2) porting Extrae, a powerful tracing tool from the HPC domain, to the GR740 platform, a SoC used in the space domain; and (3) augmenting Extrae with new features needed to correlate the parallel execution with the following non-functional requirements: energy, temperature and memory usage. Finally, the paper presents the usefulness of Extrae to characterize OpenMP applications and its non-functional requirements, evaluating different aspects of the applications running in the GR740. CCS CONCEPTS • Software and its engineering → Parallel programming languages; Empirical software validation; Software performance; • Computer systems organization → Embedded systems; • Hardware → Power estimation and optimization; Temperature monitoring.

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“…This paper addresses the latter, focusing on the worstcase response time analysis of OpenMP programs. It is worth mentioning however that recent works have addressed functional verification of OpenMP programs [16], demonstrating the benefits of using OpenMP in real-time embedded systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response-time analysis of DAG tasks supporting heterogeneous computing

Serrano

Quiñones

2018

Proceedings of the 55th Annual Design Automation Conference

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Hardware platforms are evolving towards parallel and heterogeneous architectures to overcome the increasing necessity of more performance in the real-time domain. Parallel programming models are fundamental to exploit the performance capabilities of these architectures. This paper proposes a novel response time analysis (RTA) for verifying the schedulability of DAG tasks supporting heterogeneous computing. It analyzes the impact of executing part of the DAG in the accelerator device. As a result, the response time upper bound of the system is more precise than the one provided by currently existing RTA targeting homogeneous architectures. INTRODUCTIONParallel and heterogeneous hardware architectures become mainstream in the embedded domain to cope the increasing performance requirements. These architectures integrate low power generalpurpose multi-cores (known as host) with dedicated accelerator devices like DSP fabrics, GPUs or FPGAs. Some examples are the NVIDIA Tegra X1 [14], TI Keystone II [20] or Xilinx UltraScale [11].Parallel programming models are fundamental to effectively exploit the huge performance capabilities of these architectures. As an example, OpenMP [15] is increasingly being adopted in architectures targeting embedded systems. As a matter of fact, all parallel architectures presented above support OpenMP in their software development kit. Moreover, OpenMP incorporates a host-centric acceleration model to efficiently offload code and data to devices.Functional and non-functional verification is fundamental when designing real-time embedded systems. However, the use of parallel programming models like OpenMP involves many challenges to assure that software satisfies both functional and non-functional requirements. This paper addresses the latter, focusing on the worstcase response time analysis of OpenMP programs. It is worth mentioning however that recent works have addressed functional verification of OpenMP programs [16], demonstrating the benefits of using OpenMP in real-time embedded systems.Regarding timing verification, the sporadic DAG task model [6] analyzes the response time of systems composed of parallel tasks modeled with direct acyclic graphs (DAGs) [4,9,12]. Interestingly,

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A Functional Safety OpenMP $$^{*}$$ for Critical Real-Time Embedded Systems

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Towards an OpenMP Specification for Critical Real-Time Systems

Towards an OpenMP Specification for Critical Real-Time Systems

Experiences on the characterization of parallel applications in embedded systems with Extrae/Paraver

Response-time analysis of DAG tasks supporting heterogeneous computing

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