A functional overview of conservation biological control

Begg, Graham S.; Cook, S. M.; Dye, Richard; Ferrante, Marco; Franck, Pierre; Lavigne, Claire; Löveï, Gábor L.; Mansion‐Vaquié, Agathe; Pell, J. K.; Petit, Sandrine; Quesada, Nora; Ricci, Benoît; Wratten, Stephen D.; Birch, A. Nicholas E.

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2016.11.008

Cited by 216 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…In modern cropping systems, pest control is largely achieved by using pesticides and the excessive, global reliance on them has led to the development of pesticide resistance in many pest species . The rising costs, combined with a decreasing range of available pesticides and increased consumer awareness of the presence of pesticide residues on fresh produce turned pest control by natural enemies into an attractive alternative . The main method of whitefly control has also relied on chemicals, but this species complex has proven extremely prone to resistance, which constitutes an additional, powerful incentive to examine alternative methods of control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of trap and barrier cropping to decrease densities of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED on cotton in China

Zhang

Löveï

Ferrante

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MED, is a destructive insect pest in many countries of the world. Although the use of insecticides for controlling B. tabaci has been effective to a certain extent, pesticides are not an acceptable long‐term control method, and alternatives should be sought. This paper focuses on the possibility of controlling B. tabaci on cotton using trap and barrier crops. We performed field experiments using cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) as trap crops, and maize (Zea mays) as a barrier crop in various configurations in Hebei Province, North China. RESULTS The main activity periods were shortest on cantaloupe and ranged between 16–32 days for immatures and 14–33 days for adults. Adult whitefly densities were not significantly reduced by any treatment. During the main activity period, maize intercropping reduced densities of immature whiteflies from 24.2 individuals (ind.) 100 cm−2 to 4.0 ind.100 cm−2, but all treatments were successful in significantly reducing immature B. tabaci densities. This resulted in a significant yield premium. CONCLUSIONS Intercropping reduced B. tabaci densities on cotton more than perimeter planting. Maize was more effective to reduce densities of immature whiteflies on cotton than cantaloupe. The results will contribute to the development of more effective and practical approaches for protecting cotton from B. tabaci and lowering chemical pressure on this crop. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of trap and barrier cropping to decrease densities of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED on cotton in China

Zhang

Löveï

Ferrante

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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“…Live (sentinel) insects, mostly represented by lepidopteran eggs or larvae, have been used mainly in temperate and subtropical regions, primarily for studies of interactions between pests and their enemies in agricultural habitats (Lemessa et al, ; Macfadyen et al, ; Begg et al, ; Lovei & Ferrante, ). To our knowledge, the only previous study conducted in a tropical rainforest exposed caterpillar of an endemic crambid at three different islands of the Hawaiian archipelago, and found a 14% per day predation rate and a 5% parasitism rate (Kaufman & Wright, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevational contrast in predation and parasitism risk to caterpillars in a tropical rainforest

Libra

Tulai

Novotný

et al. 2019

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Invertebrate predators and parasitoids are among the most important natural enemies of insect herbivores. Yet, the strength of natural enemy pressure along an altitudinal gradient and interactions between the groups of natural enemies (such as predation on parasitized prey) are not well known. Various methods are used to reveal the mortality factors of herbivores. Predation pressure is usually assessed through exposure of artificial prey. However, this method cannot provide information about the attacks of parasitoids, or their eventual interactions with predators. Furthermore, artificial or dead prey might not attract predators because they do not show expected host behavior, and this method mostly cannot distinguish between predation and scavenging. For the first time in a tropical rainforest, we quantified elevational contrast in mortality factors using exposure of live caterpillars. We exposed a total of 800 live caterpillars of Talanga excelsalis moresbyensis Strand (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on saplings of Ficus copiosa Steud. (Moraceae) at two elevations in primary tropical rain forest in Papua New Guinea (200 and 1 200 m a.s.l.). We exposed the caterpillars in two treatments: exposed to and protected from invertebrate predators and parasitoids. Disappearance of caterpillars was significantly higher in the exposed treatment. Furthermore, caterpillar disappearance was significantly higher in lowlands than in highlands (43 vs. 12%). We consider the vast majority of the disappearance to be due to predation, as migration of the caterpillars from the focal trees was not observed (except one caterpillar). This estimate of invertebrate predation rate corresponds with studies which used artificial caterpillar models. No significant difference in parasitism rate between the two elevations was observed (12 vs. 13%). The combination of the disappearance and parasitism rate patterns means that larval parasitoids face stronger pressure from invertebrate predators through higher predation of their hosts in the lowlands than in the highlands.

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“…, Begg et al. ). Farm‐scale biodiversity enhancements, such as hedgerows of flowering shrubs and forbs, have been planted or retained in uncultivated crop margins to attract beneficial insects for improved pest control and pollination services in adjacent crops (Bugg and Pickett , Holland et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale habitat mediates pest reduction by birds in an intensive agricultural region

Heath

Long²

2019

Ecosphere

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Habitat augmentation on farms is predicted to conserve biological diversity and support beneficial animals that reduce crop pests. Effectiveness of local habitat enhancement and subsequent pest reduction services can be mediated by the amount of habitat at larger scales. We tested whether the presence and increase of local and landscape scale bird habitat increased avian predator abundance and pest reduction by birds. We surveyed birds and performed a sentinel prey exclosure experiment in walnut orchards in the Sacramento Valley, California, USA—comparing predation probability between orchards with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) woody habitat in uncultivated orchard margins. We digitized seminatural habitat cover in landscapes around orchards to test the effectiveness of avian predators in reducing sentinel prey along a seminatural cover gradient of 0–38%. Experimental prey were diapausing larvae of Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; codling moth), a significant pest of walnuts, which overwinter in cocoons in orchards, emerge as adults, and produce larvae that feed on the nuts the following spring. Permitting bird access to cocoons increased larval predation from 11% (caged) to 46% (no cage), and predation increased with increasing proportions of seminatural habitat within 500‐m of orchard transects. Predation also increased as the size and bark furrow depth of walnut trees increased, likely because these characteristics were associated with increasing abundance of avian predators with functional traits specific to consuming tree‐dwelling cocoons (e.g., woodpeckers). The presence and increasing complexity of local margin habitat increased the species richness and abundance of avian predators but was not predictive of cocoon predation. Consistent with intermediate landscape‐complexity hypothesis predictions, the effect size of woodpecker abundance on predation was large in simple landscapes (1–20% seminatural cover) and low in complex landscapes (>20% cover). Contrary to predictions, effect size was large in cleared landscapes (<1% cover), suggesting that orchards supported predators in cleared landscapes, with positive effects on pest reduction. We provide evidence that increasing the abundance of avian predators with traits specific for consuming target pests—by retaining old trees and seminatural cover—can increase orchard pest reduction services in an intensive agricultural region.

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A functional overview of conservation biological control

Cited by 216 publications

References 130 publications

The potential of trap and barrier cropping to decrease densities of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED on cotton in China

The potential of trap and barrier cropping to decrease densities of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED on cotton in China

Elevational contrast in predation and parasitism risk to caterpillars in a tropical rainforest

Multiscale habitat mediates pest reduction by birds in an intensive agricultural region

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