A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Examination of the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Shifting in Dimensional Change Card Sort Task

Li, Hui; Wu, Dandan; Yang, Jinfeng; Xie, Sha; Luo, Jiutong; Chang, Chunqi

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.561223

Cited by 9 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…If apre-switch is negative (-a), whereas apost-switch is positive (+a), and both models are significant, a perfect V shape could be verified. The corresponding channel was identified as the neural correlate of 'cognitive shifting' [12]. Using this new paradigm, they found V shape in BA 6, BA8, BA 9, BA 10, BA 40, and BA 44, which should be regarded as the neural correlations of cognitive shifting during the DCCS task.…”

Section: Modeling Hemodynamic Changes In the Dccs Taskmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Therefore, Li et al [12] developed the "habituation-dishabituation paradigm of DCCS task" ( "Habit-Dishabit Design" hereafter) and proposed a more direct and critical indicator -the "V shape of General Linear Modelling" to identify the cognitive shifting. This paradigm has improved the arrangement of testing items to maximize the chances of habituation and dishabituation in the participating children.…”

Section: Modeling Hemodynamic Changes In the Dccs Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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U-Shape by Quadratic Equation: A Best-fit for Modelling Hemodynamic Changes in the DCCS Task

Li¹,

Wu²,

Yang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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General Linear Modelling (GLM) has been widely employed to estimate the hemodynamic changes evoked by cognitive processing, which are more likely to be nonlinear than linear. First, this study re-analyzed the fNIRS data (N = 38, Mage = 5.0 years, SD = 0.69 years, 17 girls) collected in the Mixed-Order Design Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task. The results indicated that the quadratic equation was better than GLM to model HbO changes in this task. Second, analysis of a new set of data indicated that the Habit-DisHabit design of DCCS was more effective in identifying the neural correlates of cognitive shifting than the Mixed-Order Design. Third, this study found that the Non-users were more attentive and engaged than the Heavy-users, with a slower but more steady increase of brain activation in BA8 and BA9.

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Section: Modeling Hemodynamic Changes In the Dccs Taskmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Modeling Hemodynamic Changes In the Dccs Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

U-Shape by Quadratic Equation: A Best-fit for Modelling Hemodynamic Changes in the DCCS Task

Li¹,

Wu²,

Yang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The region of interest (ROI) was located at Brodmann areas (BAs) 6/8/9/10/40/44 ( Figure 3 ). Previous studies have shown that these areas were involved in EF in preschool children [ 10 , 11 ]. In particular, channels 1 and 9 were located in BA 6, channels 13, 15, 17 were located in BA 10, channel 10 was located in BA 8, channels 11, 12, 14, 16 were located in BA 9, channel 4 was located in BA 40, and channels 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 were located in the right IFC (BA 44).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Executive function (EF) refers to the brain’s specific cognitive, transactional, self-regulating functions that can control and direct one’s attention amid distractions, regulate emotional reactivity, inhibit behavior from responding to environmental demands and fulfill goals [ 10 , 11 ]. Miyake et al identified three core components of EF: inhibition, working memory, and cognitive shifting [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Xie et al found that the children in the DCCS pass group (with cognitive shifting) significantly activated the prefrontal cortex than those in the perseverate group who did not complete the cognitive shifting, and the activation in the prefrontal region was significantly correlated with children’s executive function [ 10 ]. Very recently, Li et al proposed and confirmed the ‘V-shape curve’ theory by identifying a significant decrease–increase cycle in BA 9, the neural correlate of cognitive shifting [ 11 ]. In conclusion, the existing fNIRS studies have jointly confirmed the prefrontal cortex (e.g., BA 9), which is also the region of interest in this study, was the neural correlate of cognitive shifting during the DCCS tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tablet Use Affects Preschoolers’ Executive Function: fNIRS Evidence from the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task

Yang

et al. 2021

Brain Sciences

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This study aims to examine the impact of heavy use of tablets on preschoolers’ executive function during the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task using the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Altogether, 38 Chinese preschoolers (Mage = 5.0 years, SD = 0.69 years, 17 girls) completed the tasks before the COVID-19 lockdown. Eight children never used tablets, while 16 children were diagnosed as the ‘heavy-user’. The results indicated that: (1) the ‘non-user’ outperformed the ‘heavy-user’ with a significantly higher correct rate in the DCCS task; (2) the two groups differed significantly in the activation of the prefrontal cortex (BA 9): the ‘non-user’ pattern is normal and healthy, whereas the ‘heavy-user’ pattern is not normal and needs further exploration.

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Bilinguals have more effective executive function: Evidence from an fNIRS study of the neural correlates of cognitive shifting

Yang³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Bilingualism

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Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: The bilingual advantage in executive function (EF) has recently been explored with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology, but the results are still controversial because of the limited statistical analysis. This study aims to fill the gap by replicating the existing studies and advancing the statistical analysis. Design/methodology/approach: Altogether, 35 preschoolers (aged between 4.1 and 6.3 years, Mage = 5.0 years, SD = 0.59) completed the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Fourth Edition (PPVT-4) and the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task. Their behavioral performance and the associated brain activities during the three sessions of the DCCS task were measured using fNIRS. In addition, they were classified into either Bilingual or Monolingual groups based on the PPVT scores. Data and analysis: t-tests and quadratic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether children’s performance in the DCCS was related to their bilingualism and whether the changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) in the prefrontal regions were related to their bilingualism and performance in the DCCS. Findings/conclusions: The behavioral data analysis indicated no significant differences between the monolinguals and bilinguals. However, the fNIRS evidence indicated that (1) the monolinguals had to recruit 15 channels to complete the cognitive shifting of DCCS tasks, whereas the bilinguals only employed 11; (2) the bilinguals had significantly more brain activation with fewer channels in BA 44 than the monolinguals, demonstrating more effective executive function. Originality: This study has advanced the statistical analysis of the HbO changes for the cognitive shifting in the DCCS by confirming the nonlinear U-shape by quadratic regression a better fit than the linear V-shape by GLM. Significance/implications: This finding implies that early bilingual experience has equipped young children with more effective executive function.

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A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Examination of the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Shifting in Dimensional Change Card Sort Task

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

U-Shape by Quadratic Equation: A Best-fit for Modelling Hemodynamic Changes in the DCCS Task

U-Shape by Quadratic Equation: A Best-fit for Modelling Hemodynamic Changes in the DCCS Task

Tablet Use Affects Preschoolers’ Executive Function: fNIRS Evidence from the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task

Bilinguals have more effective executive function: Evidence from an fNIRS study of the neural correlates of cognitive shifting

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