A functional modified graphene oxide/nanodiamond/nano zinc oxide composite for excellent vulcanization properties of natural rubber

Yang, Zhenglong; Huang, Yan; Xiong, Yuzhu

doi:10.1039/d0ra07404g

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…[18][19][20] The preparation and use of functionalized ZnO in rubber matrix has been investigated, and it has been found to improve the natural rubber curing efficiency and the mechanical performance of rubber composites after vulcanization. 6,21,22 Our previous research on the effects of various zinc oxides as activators on the structural, physical, and morphological properties of a natural rubber matrix filled with carbon black (CB) demonstrated a 40%-70% reduction in ZnO consumption in natural rubber-carbon clack composites containing active zinc oxide and nano zinc oxide when compared to conventional zinc oxide-based composites. 9 The current study examines the curing characteristics, morphological, mechanical, and physical features of SBR vulcanizates utilizing a variety of activators, including conventional ZnO, active ZnO, alkyl amine functionalized ZnO and nano ZnO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the role of ZnO as activator in SBR vulcanizates: Performance evaluation with active, nano, and functionalized ZnO

Sreethu

Das

Parathodika

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study investigates (ZnO)s with different surface features as vulcanization activators in unfilled SBR vulcanizates. ZnO is termed the best activator due to its fast reaction kinetics. A high release of ZnO into the environment harms marine ecosystems, and most ZnO production goes to the rubber sector; therefore, reducing ZnO amount is essential. Active, nano and functionalized ZnO compared to conventional ZnO in SBR matrix; concentration optimized based on curing, mechanical, physical, and dispersion analyses. The Arrhenius equation approximated the cure curve's kinetic constant and activation energy. Crosslink density measured by swelling experiment and solvent freezing point depression. Nano ZnO was used from 0.5 to 2phr, active ZnO from 1 to 4phr, and functionalized ZnO from 1 to 3phr compared to 5phr of conventional ZnO. The tensile strength of N1.5, F1.5, and A2 SBR increased by 5%, 26%, and 18% compared to C5SBR, whose elongation at break improved by 30%, 7%, and 23%. The data were analyzed using tukey HSD post hoc test. Regarding mechanical properties and curing characteristics, 2phr active, functionalized, and 1.5phr nano ZnO is analogous to 5phr conventional ZnO in an unfilled SBR matrix. The quantity of ZnO in rubber vulcanizates decreased successively by 60%, 60%, and 70%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the role of ZnO as activator in SBR vulcanizates: Performance evaluation with active, nano, and functionalized ZnO

Sreethu

Das

Parathodika

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…In the literature, different approaches have been proposed based on nanosized ZnO particles, − zinc(II) complexes, , or active zinc species supported on a matrix, − aimed at increasing the Zn(II) center availability into the curing mechanism by increasing its dispersion in the matrix. Our group has proposed a novel activator, based on ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) directly grown on the surface of silica (ZnO/SiO 2 ), that behaves at the same time as a vulcanization activator and a reinforcing filler .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Zn Single-Site Curing Activator for a More Sustainable Sulfur Cross-Link Formation in Rubber

Mostoni

D’Arienzo

Credico

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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ZnO is a worldwide used activator for a rubber vulcanization process, which promotes fast curing kinetics and high cross-linking densities of rubber nanocomposites (NCs). However, its extended use together with leaching phenomena occurring during the production and life cycle of rubber products, especially tires, entails potential environmental risks, as ecotoxicity toward aquatic organisms. Pushed by this issue, a novel activator was developed, which introduces highly dispersed and active zinc species in the vulcanization process, reducing the amount of employed ZnO and keeping high the curing efficiency. The activator is constituted by Zn(II) single sites, anchored on the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) through the coordination with functionalizing amino silane groups. It behaves as a double-function material, acting at the same time as a rubber reinforcing filler and a curing activator. The higher availability and reactivity of the single-site Zn(II) centers toward curative agents impart faster kinetics and higher efficiency to the vulcanization process of silica/isoprene NCs, compared to conventionally used ZnO activators. Moreover, the NCs show a high cross-linking degree and improved dynamic mechanical properties, despite the remarkably lower amount of zinc employed than that normally used for rubber composites in tires. Finally, the structural stability of Zn(II) single sites during the curing reactions and in the final materials may represent a turning point toward the elimination of zinc leaching phenomena.

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“…The tensile properties of the vulcanizates are very important for the rubber materials in actual applications. [44][45][46] The tensile properties of the cured R and S are listed in Table 8. Compared with the S, sample R was with higher tensile strength and modulus but lower elongation at break due to its high CB content.…”

Section: Tensile Properties Of the Vulcanizatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mixing temperature on the extrusion rheological behaviors of rubber-based compounds

Gong

et al. 2021

RSC Adv.

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A functional modified graphene oxide/nanodiamond/nano zinc oxide composite for excellent vulcanization properties of natural rubber

Abstract: A modified graphene oxide/nanodiamond/nanozinc oxide (MGO/ND/nanoZnO) functional hybrid filler is designed and prepared to improve the vulcanization efficiency of a rubber composite and to reduce the use of ZnO.

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

Understanding the role of ZnO as activator in SBR vulcanizates: Performance evaluation with active, nano, and functionalized ZnO

Understanding the role of ZnO as activator in SBR vulcanizates: Performance evaluation with active, nano, and functionalized ZnO

Design of a Zn Single-Site Curing Activator for a More Sustainable Sulfur Cross-Link Formation in Rubber

Effects of mixing temperature on the extrusion rheological behaviors of rubber-based compounds

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