A Functional Model of Nerve Repair: Reanastomosis vs Entubulation Repair

Isometric tetanic force measurement method of the tibialis anterior in the rat

“…Much of the experimental design was influenced by Shirley et al who stimulated the TA by the peroneal nerve and used the contralateral side as a control in a nerve injury and repair model in the rat. 10 Although Shirley et al acquired twitch forces by measuring dorsiflexion of the ankle with a strain gauge, we examined maximum tetanic force by direct measurement.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] In a hindlimb model of the rat, the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle is of significant interest due to its relatively large size, innervation by the peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve, and its mixed fiber-type composition. 6 The TA has been extensively studied with respect to biochemical characteristics between contralateral TA muscles [6][7][8][9] and twitch force in nerve repair 10 as well as isometric tetanic force for control group comparison 6,11 and for inter-specimen comparison. 6,12 Despite previous studies, few have taken into account the variables that affect isometric force measurement.…”

Isometric tetanic force measurement method of the tibialis anterior in the rat

“…Much of the experimental design was influenced by Shirley et al who stimulated the TA by the peroneal nerve and used the contralateral side as a control in a nerve injury and repair model in the rat. 10 Although Shirley et al acquired twitch forces by measuring dorsiflexion of the ankle with a strain gauge, we examined maximum tetanic force by direct measurement.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] In a hindlimb model of the rat, the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle is of significant interest due to its relatively large size, innervation by the peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve, and its mixed fiber-type composition. 6 The TA has been extensively studied with respect to biochemical characteristics between contralateral TA muscles [6][7][8][9] and twitch force in nerve repair 10 as well as isometric tetanic force for control group comparison 6,11 and for inter-specimen comparison. 6,12 Despite previous studies, few have taken into account the variables that affect isometric force measurement.…”

Toe-lift test: a novel, simple and noninvasive in vivo method for contractile evaluation of tibialis anterior muscle

“…Among these anterior crural muscles, the TA muscle is the most frequently used for functional assays because it is immediately beneath the skin, relatively large in size, and innervated with the peroneal nerve and its mixed fibre-type composition (Coombes et al 2002). Many studies have described TA muscle characteristics, such as the biochemical characteristics of contralateral TA muscles (Kauvar et al 2006;Zhou et al 2006), twitch force in TA muscles under nerve repair (Shirley et al 1996), and isometric tetanic force of normal TA muscles (Lovering et al 2005) and for interspecimen comparison (Lopes-Martins et al 2006). Among relevant studies, the method of evaluating TA muscle contractility is one of the most frequently discussed topics.…”

Isometric tetanic force measurement method of the tibialis anterior in the rat

“…Much of the experimental design was influenced by Shirley et al who stimulated the TA by the peroneal nerve and used the contralateral side as a control in a nerve injury and repair model in the rat. 10 Although Shirley et al acquired twitch forces by measuring dorsiflexion of the ankle with a strain gauge, we examined maximum tetanic force by direct measurement.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] In a hindlimb model of the rat, the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle is of significant interest due to its relatively large size, innervation by the peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve, and its mixed fiber-type composition. 6 The TA has been extensively studied with respect to biochemical characteristics between contralateral TA muscles [6][7][8][9] and twitch force in nerve repair 10 as well as isometric tetanic force for control group comparison 6,11 and for inter-specimen comparison. 6,12 Despite previous studies, few have taken into account the variables that affect isometric force measurement.…”

Toe-lift test: a novel, simple and noninvasive in vivo method for contractile evaluation of tibialis anterior muscle

“…Among these anterior crural muscles, the TA muscle is the most frequently used for functional assays because it is immediately beneath the skin, relatively large in size, and innervated with the peroneal nerve and its mixed fibre-type composition (Coombes et al 2002). Many studies have described TA muscle characteristics, such as the biochemical characteristics of contralateral TA muscles (Kauvar et al 2006;Zhou et al 2006), twitch force in TA muscles under nerve repair (Shirley et al 1996), and isometric tetanic force of normal TA muscles (Lovering et al 2005) and for interspecimen comparison (Lopes-Martins et al 2006). Among relevant studies, the method of evaluating TA muscle contractility is one of the most frequently discussed topics.…”

Isometric tetanic force measurement method of the tibialis anterior in the rat

“…Much of the experimental design was influenced by Shirley et al who stimulated the TA by the peroneal nerve and used the contralateral side as a control in a nerve injury and repair model in the rat. 10 Although Shirley et al acquired twitch forces by measuring dorsiflexion of the ankle with a strain gauge, we examined maximum tetanic force by direct measurement.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] In a hindlimb model of the rat, the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle is of significant interest due to its relatively large size, innervation by the peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve, and its mixed fiber-type composition. 6 The TA has been extensively studied with respect to biochemical characteristics between contralateral TA muscles [6][7][8][9] and twitch force in nerve repair 10 as well as isometric tetanic force for control group comparison 6,11 and for inter-specimen comparison. 6,12 Despite previous studies, few have taken into account the variables that affect isometric force measurement.…”

Toe-lift test: a novel, simple and noninvasive in vivo method for contractile evaluation of tibialis anterior muscle

“…Among these anterior crural muscles, the TA muscle is the most frequently used for functional assays because it is immediately beneath the skin, relatively large in size, and innervated with the peroneal nerve and its mixed fibre-type composition (Coombes et al 2002). Many studies have described TA muscle characteristics, such as the biochemical characteristics of contralateral TA muscles (Kauvar et al 2006;Zhou et al 2006), twitch force in TA muscles under nerve repair (Shirley et al 1996), and isometric tetanic force of normal TA muscles (Lovering et al 2005) and for interspecimen comparison (Lopes-Martins et al 2006). Among relevant studies, the method of evaluating TA muscle contractility is one of the most frequently discussed topics.…”