A functional deconstructive approach to mixotrophic phytoplankton responds better to local, regional and biogeographic predictors than species

Abstract

The use of deconstructive approaches, such as functional classification models, can be an important tool for understanding aquatic systems. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution and community structure of mixotrophic flagellates in lakes of four large Brazilian floodplain systems, those of Amazon River, Araguaia River, Pantanal and upper Paraná River, in contrasting hydrological periods. A partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) was used to estimate the relative roles of environmental, spatial and biogeographic factors on both the entire community and a deconstructive approach using Reynolds' mixotrophic flagellate functional groups (RFGs). High environmental variability was found between the rainy and dry periods, mostly for the Amazon floodplain system. We identified 135 taxa and seven RFGs of mixotrophic flagellates: E, Lo, Q, W1, W2, Ws and Y. A permanova evidenced that biomass of mixotrophic flagellate RFGs reflected differences among floodplains and between hydrological periods. Our results showed that the use of RFGs better summarises the mixotrophic phytoplankton metacommunity structure when compared to the use of the entire community. The pRDA showed that explanatory matrices explained up to 37% of variation in the community. Environmental, spatial and biogeographic factors were important to explain the structure of the mixotrophic flagellates; however, the importance of the different components seemed to depend on the hydrological period and the traits of each RFG.

Main predictors of phytoplankton occurrence in lotic ecosystems

“…This season presented the highest precipitation of the whole sampled period. The high rainfall could explain the relationship of the metacommunity with local environmental factors because of the increased connectivity of the patches in this period, providing a higher dispersal capacity (Moresco et al, 2020). Connectivity by water flow is an essential feature in stream metacommunities, however, after periods of heavy rainfall dispersal rates are known to be high and overland flow represents an important pathway for aquatic microorganisms (Grönroos et al, 2013;Pellowe-Wagstaff & Simonis, 2014;Heino et al, 2015).…”

Grupos Funcionais Fitoplanctônicos Evidenciam Diferenças Ambientais Em Uma Planície De Inundação Temperada

“…A mixotrofia (osmotrofia ou fagotrofia) permite a obtenção de energia ou nutrientes, tanto pela autotrofia, quanto pela heterotrofia (Jones 2000), portanto permite que os organismos atuem como produtores ou consumidores. Essa pode ser uma importante vantagem adaptativa em ambientes rasos, onde a ressuspensão do sedimento causa redução na disponibilidade de luz (Moresco et al 2020). Além disso, é provável que o aporte de nutrientes para o lago, devido a inundação da vegetação circundante também tenha impulsionando o desenvolvimento desses organismos (Naselli-Flores 2000, Kruk et al 2010.…”