A fully recursive approach to the computation of higher order sensitivities of linear active circuits

Vallette, François M.; Vasilescu, G.; Alquié, G.

doi:10.1109/81.780372

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Sensitivity analysis of the amplifier small signal model is made for frequency f 0 = 1.5 GHz. There are known scattering parameters s 11 , s 12 , s 21 , s 22 of the transistors measured in grounded emitter configuration [5]-it is assumed, for simplicity, that both transistors are described by the same set of parameters. Analysis is performed using the modified nodal algorithm which is possible because scattering parameters of transistors are converted into admittance parameters y 11 , y 12 , y 21 , y 22 .…”

Section: Example-linear Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of the circuit and first-order sensitivity analysis was made using SPICE. Second-order sensitivities were computed using recursive algorithm given in [5]. The first-order and second-order sensitivities of node voltage V(3) for 950 MHz frequency are given in Table IV. The numbers in the table are rounded off to three significant digits hence, the relative rounding error is not greater than 1%.…”

Section: Example Of Linear Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter concentrates on complex nonlinear systems modeling, stability analysis, and chaos bifurcations theory [1][2][3][4]. The circuit theory concentrates on the following six issues relevant to circuit sensitivities [5]: (1) network design methodology, where element values should be adjusted to obtain the desired performance of the circuit [6]; (2) investigation of circuit-performance deterioration caused by manufacturing tolerances; (3) fault(s) localization in just-manufactured circuit; (4) filter tuning by appointing order and elements that should be adjusted-in fact it is the particular case of the first issue; (5) electrical model simplification by eliminating of irrelevant elements; and (6) sensor design, where electrical signal caused by nonelectrical variable should be maximized. Researchers realized very early that in case of tolerance analysis, a more accurate model than the first-order sensitivity model is desired.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐order sensitivity invariants

Izydorczyk

Chojcan

2010

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SUMMARYThe aim of the research reported in this paper is to extend the notion of invariant sensitivity sum, widely known for electrical networks, from first-order sensitivities to high-order sensitivities. The results are high-order invariant sums of sensitivities of the first and the second kind, formulated for nonlinear lumped circuit, which consists of one-port and two-ports only. One-ports are generalized resistances, capacitances, inductances, voltages, and current sources, whereas two-ports are nonlinear generalizations of four types of controlled sources. It is observed that the invariant sums actually found for nonlinear lumped networks are generalizations of sums given earlier by authors for linear lumped networks. The article is illustrated by numerical sensitivity analysis of simple linear and nonlinear circuits.

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Section: Example-linear Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Example Of Linear Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐order sensitivity invariants

Izydorczyk

Chojcan

2010

Circuit Theory & Apps

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“…The latter concentrates on complex nonlinear systems modeling, stability analysis, and chaos bifurcations theory 1–4. The circuit theory concentrates on the following six issues relevant to circuit sensitivities 5: (1) network design methodology, where element values should be adjusted to obtain the desired performance of the circuit 6; (2) investigation of circuit‐performance deterioration caused by manufacturing tolerances; (3) fault(s) localization in just‐manufactured circuit; (4) filter tuning by appointing order and elements that should be adjusted—in fact it is the particular case of the first issue; (5) electrical model simplification by eliminating of irrelevant elements; and (6) sensor design, where electrical signal caused by nonelectrical variable should be maximized. Researchers realized very early that in case of tolerance analysis, a more accurate model than the first‐order sensitivity model is desired.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 13, high‐order sensitivities are used to equalize amplitude distortions of extremely sensitive band‐pass filter. The computation technique used in 13 to obtain second‐order sensitivities is a special case of the general algorithm given in 5. Moreover, 5 contains multitudes of formulas linking sensitivities of branch voltages and currents with sensitivities of useful functions, for example, scattering and transferring coefficients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P236: The cylindrical shape of ductus venosus in the first trimester of gestation

Murta

Moron

Vasques

et al. 2003

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol

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Objective: To investigate the geometric shape of the ductus venosus between 10-13 weeks of gestation. Patients and methods: Ductus venosus measurements were performed in 64 normal human fetus using ultrasound color Doppler imaging. The geometrical measurements obtained were: length (n = 64), isthmic width (n = 34) and outlet width (n = 20). For statistical analysis, the analysis of variance, linear regression, Kruskal-Wallis terst and the Spearman correlation were used. Results: At 10-13 weeks of gestation, the ductus venosus length indicates a continuous growth and the width did not change. The measurements (median) were: length = 2 mm, isthimic inlet = 1.4 mm, and outlet width + 1.4 mm. Conclusion:The new geometric shape of the ductus venosus between 10-13 weeks of gestation has a cylindrical and not a slender trumpet-like shape as defined previously in the literature. Objective: The objective of this study is to establish reference values for Dopplerfluxometric parameters of the ductus venosus (DV), in the period from 10 to 14 weeks of gestation in relation to blood velocities during ventricular contraction (S wave), ventricular diastole (D wave), velocity between S and D waves (S-D velocity) and during atrial contraction (a wave) and of the angle-independent indexes. Methods: This is a prospective transversal study on 276 single gestations. Multiple gestations, fetal malformation, fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT) and pregnant women with clinical pathologies were excluded of this study. The equipment used was Toshiba-model SSH-140 A. Levene's test was used to calculate variance homogeneity among the variables. The statistical study was performed by means of the variance analysis with multiple comparisons by the Bonferroni's method. Results: S and D velocities presented a slightly increased pattern in relation to the studied gestational ages (descriptive level varying from 0.001 and 0.029), a wave, S-D velocity and all angle-independent indexes presented a constant pattern in the studied period. Conclusion: The lack of important modifications in the ductus venosus flow velocity waveform is due to the fact that reduction in placental resistance and maturation in the ventricular diastolic function only occurs after this period. The values established by this study may be of help in the follow-up of normal gestations, diagnosis of fetal myocardial failure or screening for chromosomal disorders. Objective: To test the usefulness of Doppler indices in lung vessels to discriminate between normal and stimulated fetal lung growth. Methods: In singleton sheep fetuses (gestational age 92-98 days) the trachea was ligated immediately caudal of the larynx (TO, n = 6). Blood flow velocities Vpeak, Vmin, TAMX and the pulsatility (PI) and resistance indices (RI) were determined (Acuson Aspen) in both pulmonary arteries (PAL: left; PAR: right), the pulmonary trunk (PT) and ductus arteriosus (DA) of these TO fetuses and in three controls (CTRL). These measurements were repeated weekly under slight sedation (xylaz...

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Some invariant sums of higher‐order sensitivities

Izydorczyk

Chojcan

2008

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SUMMARYIn this paper, a new class of invariant sensitivity sums of higher-order sensitivities is given. Sensitivity sums considered are relevant to a network function of general lumped time-invariant circuits containing passive and active elements. It is assumed that the circuit is linear and consists of one-port elements and two-port elements only. A part of the one-port elements is described by admittance parameters and the other part by impedance parameters. The rest of the one-port elements are independent sources. Two-port elements are only controlled sources. Hybrid matrix should describe functional relationships of the elements. Formulas for invariant sums of sensitivities of first, second, third, and fourth order are presented.

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A fully recursive approach to the computation of higher order sensitivities of linear active circuits

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

High‐order sensitivity invariants

High‐order sensitivity invariants

P236: The cylindrical shape of ductus venosus in the first trimester of gestation

Some invariant sums of higher‐order sensitivities

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