Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne Shiga-toxin-producing
bacterium that leads to millions of cases of illness every year. The
development of a portable biosensor that rapidly detects this pathogen
can greatly reduce both the time required to identify the source of
contamination within the food production chain and the scale of outbreaks.
Here we propose a swab for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 made from electrospun poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) on which
the reporter bacteriophage (phage), PP01engineered to express
the bioluminescent protein Nanoluc upon infection of the pathogenhas
been immobilized. In the development of the material, the properties
of phage-immobilized electrospun porous, nonwoven PHB mats were compared
to those of phage-immobilized flat PHB films produced by solvent casting.
Dynamics of E. coli infections initiated with the
phage-immobilized materials showed the electrospun mats had the highest
infectivity, indicative of higher phage surface density (confirmed
by microscopy) and activitytwo important properties for the
sensitivity and response time of biosensors. In sample tests, successful
detection of E. coli O157:H7 cells in both milk and
Tryptic Soy Broth at concentrations of 105 CFU/mL within
1 h and 101 CFU/mL within 3 h demonstrates the promising
potential of the system as a food safety assessment tool.