A fully integrated CMOS power amplifier with discrete gain control for efficiency enhancement

Santos, Edson Leonardo dos; Rios, Marco; Schuartz, Luis; Leite, Bernardo; Lolis, Luis Henrique Assumpção; Lima, Eduardo G.; Mariano, André

doi:10.1016/j.mejo.2017.09.009

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The PA used in this study has a gain of 22 dB compared to PAs from Gunasegaran et al (2017), Xu et al (2014), Haridas et al (2009) and Gunasegaran et al (2021a, 2021b), which have gains of 10 dB, 11.8 dB, 11 dB and 10 dB, respectively. The output power of the PA used in this study is 13.28 dBm, which is lower than (Dos Santos et al , 2017) 15 dBm, (Gunasegaran et al , 2017) 15 dBm and (Gunasegaran et al , 2021a, 2021b) 23 dBm, but higher than (Haridas et al , 2009), which is 6.4 dBm. The output power of (Gunasegaran et al , 2021a, 2021b) is greater than this work because it uses a 3.3 V power source.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Design of radio frequency power amplifier for 2.45 GHz IoT application using 0.18 µm CMOS technology

Rhaffor

Ang

Mohamed

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose The purpose of this study is to show that due to the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) industry in recent years, the demand for the higher integration of wireless communication systems with a higher data rate of transmission capacity and lower power consumption has increased tremendously. The radio frequency power amplifier (PA) design is getting more challenging and crucial. A PA for a 2.45 GHz IoT application using 0.18 µm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is presented in this paper. Design/methodology/approach The design consists of two stages, the driver and output stage, where both use a single-stage common source transistor configuration. In view of performance, the PA can deliver more than 20 dB gain from 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz. Findings The maximum output power achieved by PA is 13.28 dBm. As the PA design is targeted for Bluetooth low energy (BLE) transmitter use, a minimum of 10 dBm output power should be achieved by PA to transmit the signal in BLE standard. The PA exhibits a constant output third-order interception point of 18 dBm before PA becomes saturated after 10 dBm output power. The PA shows a peak power added efficiency of 17.82% at the 13.24 dBm output power. Originality/value The PA design exhibits good linearity up to 10 dBm out the PA design exhibits good linearity up to 10 dBm output power without sacrificing efficiency. At the operating frequency of 2.45 GHz, the PA exhibits a stability k-factor, the value of more than 1; thus, the PA design is considered unconditional stable. Besides, the PA shows the s-parameters performance of –7.91 dB for S11, –11.07 dB for S22 and 21.5 dB for S21.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Design of radio frequency power amplifier for 2.45 GHz IoT application using 0.18 µm CMOS technology

Rhaffor

Ang

Mohamed

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the case of power-constrained systems, multimode operation may be of particular interest, as it reduces the power consumption. In this paper, we consider a multimode PA proposed in [14]. The PA was designed in Globalfoundries 130 nm CMOS technology to operate in different power gain modes, targeting the 2.4 GHz band.…”

Section: Multimode Pa Under Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Modeling of a Multimode Power Amplifier Using Perceptrons with AM-AM and AM-PM Complex-Valued Activation Function

Freire

Schuartz²,

Santos³

et al. 2021

JICS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three-layer perceptron (TLP) is one of the approaches to the behavioral modeling of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) for wireless communication systems. A low-pass equivalent PA behavioral modeling should be able to represent the AM-AM and AM-PM characteristic curves, besides generating only useful contributions. This work shows that adapting a complex-valued activation function toencompass the strict characteristics from the AM-AM and AM-PM curves at the same time fulfilling the bandpass constraint gives better results in terms of network complexity and accuracy. Besides that, a novel TLP-based model for a multimode PA is proposed. This type of PA has characteristics that add difficulty to its inverse modeling. A modification in the ascendant method is also proposed for application with TLP-based PA models. This method simplifies the models in terms of operations needed for implementation. In a scenario of same number of network parameters, a significant reduction in modeling error is achieved when a complex-valued TLP that accounts for both AM-AM and AM-PM is used instead of a complex-valued TLP that accounts only for AM-AM. Such reduction is quantified by up to 5.73 dB (-35.53 dB to -41.26 dB) improvements in normalized mean square error (NMSE) metric. Moreover, when applying the ascendant method a 67% reduction in active parameters is achieved (36 to 12 active parameters), deteriorating the NMSE by less than 0.5 dB.

show abstract

“…Besides creating low-power modes, another common practice to reach reconfigurability is to implement multi-stage architectures. For example, the PA proposed in [21] consists of two stages, the first allowing variable power gain and the second with fixed output power. Such design provides a range of operating modes between low-gain and highgain modes.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such design provides a range of operating modes between low-gain and highgain modes. The work in [21] has been recently extended in order to consider both stages being reconfigurable [12]. Such combination is controlled by six digital switches, three at each stage, yielding 64 possible operating modes with different gains, power levels, linearity and power consumption.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Energy Efficiency in Multiple Antenna Machine-Type Communications With Reconfigurable RF Transceivers

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In machine-type communication (MTC) networks, each node is equipped with a set of radiofrequency (RF) transceivers, antennas and power source. Besides, wireless nodes are typically batterypowered, whose recharging or replacement is often not viable or even impossible. Therefore, in such systems where energy is at a premium, minimizing power consumption improves energy efficiency and increases battery lifetime. In this paper, a novel energy-saving approach includes in the communication system model the use of reconfigurable RF transceivers. More specifically, the components involved in our power minimization framework are the power amplifier (PA) at the transmitter and the low noise amplifier (LNA) at the receiver, which are the blocks responsible for RF amplification and are on top of power consuming blocks in RF transceivers. Our goal is to show that RF circuits based on multimode operation can significantly improve the energy efficiency. We perform a joint selection of the best operating modes for PA and LNA circuits in different communication scenarios. Results show that by combining PA and LNA operating modes, an improvement of more than 75% in energy efficiency is obtained for multiple antenna communications, when compared to the state-of-the-art literature of non-reconfigurable amplifiers. Besides, we show that adapting spectral efficiency contributes towards improving energy efficiency. In this case, we consider different spectral efficiency values, including the effect that the PA operates at different backed-off power levels. In addition, when comparing single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission schemes, antenna selection (AS) outperforms the others schemes in terms of energy efficiency for short and moderate distances, but singular value decomposition (SVD) allows for longer communication distances. INDEX TERMS Energy efficiency, reconfigurable RF transceivers, machine-type communications, multiple antennas.

show abstract

A fully integrated CMOS power amplifier with discrete gain control for efficiency enhancement

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Design of radio frequency power amplifier for 2.45 GHz IoT application using 0.18 µm CMOS technology

Design of radio frequency power amplifier for 2.45 GHz IoT application using 0.18 µm CMOS technology

Behavioral Modeling of a Multimode Power Amplifier Using Perceptrons with AM-AM and AM-PM Complex-Valued Activation Function

Energy Efficiency in Multiple Antenna Machine-Type Communications With Reconfigurable RF Transceivers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About