“…With the recent advance in microelectronic technology, ISFET-based sensing mechanism plays an important role in the development of microsensors mainly due to the features of low cost, ease of miniaturization, as well as low output impedance (Bergveld, 2003). Borrowing from the wellestablished ISFET sensing mechanism, pH-ISFET-based biosensors has been actively proposed for various biosensing purposes such as glucose (Luo et al, 2004), lactate (Kharitonov et al, 2001), creatinine (Premanode and Toumazou, 2007), urea (Boubriak et al, 1995) or DNA (Bandiera et al, 2007). The fundamental configuration of biosensing of these kinds is based on the conjugation of a pH sensitive electrode with a biological recognition layer normally containing enzymes specific to the detection target.…”