A fully automated system with on-line micro solid-phase extraction combined with capillary liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for high throughput analysis of microcystins and nodularin-R in tap water and lake water

Double-sided magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer modified graphene oxide for highly efficient enrichment and fast detection of trace-level microcystins from large-volume water samples combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…The MCs with one or two L-arginine residues, such as MC-LR, MC-RR and MC-YR, usually have lower LODs and LOQs than the others. This could be contributed to the reason that the guanidino group of L-arginine may increase the ionization efficiency in the ESI + mode and results in high MS response [44] . 3.5 Application in real samples analysis The developed method was applied to detect MCs in 50 environmental water samples collected from the major river stream system of a city in Zhejiang province.…”

The occurrence and levels of cyanotoxin nodularin from Nodularia spumigena in the alkaline and salty Lake Burdur, Turkey

“…The structure and biological activity of nodularin are similar to cyclic heptapeptides called microcystins the most frequently encountered and best recognized group of toxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria (Akcaalan et al, 2009;. The characteristic feature of both microcystins and nodularin is the presence of the unusual amino acid Adda which is important for recognition of binding sites responsible for hepatotoxic effects and tumor promoters (Shan et al, 2011).…”

Comparison of Two Aqueous Two-Phase Systems for Extracting Microcystin-LR from Algae Pulp

“…There is a growing demand for pure MC-LR in the research on MC [10,11]. However, the relatively low content of MC-LR and a high content of interfering substances make its separation and purification complex, which makes MC-LR expensive and limits research development.…”