A frown emoji can be worth a thousand words: Perceptions of emoji use in text messages exchanged between romantic partners

Rodrigues, David L.; Lopes, Diniz; Prada, Marília; Thompson, Dominic; Garrido, Margarida

doi:10.1016/j.tele.2017.07.001

Cited by 62 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…As comments were assessed based on emojis, the absence of negatives could have skewed the data, thus potentially indicating a greater positive response to exotic animals on social media than is accurate. The inclusion of emojis in comments related to serious topics has been associated with lower levels of interest in these topics by the writer [17]. This indicates that negative comments where users are trying to convey serious opinions on the topic of exotic pets may be hidden in this analysis due to an absence of emojis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endangered Exotic Pets on Social Media in the Middle East: Presence and Impact

Spee

Hazel

Grande

et al. 2019

Animals

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The popularization of exotic pets on celebrity social media in the Middle East has led to questionable impacts on exotic pet demand and threats to species conservation. The objective of this study was to identify exotic animal species featured on Middle Eastern celebrity social media account posts, the public perception of those posts, and their potential impacts on exotic pet demand and conservation (for global-scale extrapolation). Public social media accounts of highly influential persons from oil-rich Middle Eastern regions were manually investigated to evaluate subject demographics, species features, and post information (likes, comments) between January 2017 and August 2018. Twenty-five subjects possessed active social media accounts, from which 418 social media posts were extracted based on their inclusion of a privately owned exotic animal. SPSS Version 25 was used for frequency and descriptive analyses of these posts, in addition to comment analyses to evaluate quantitative (emojis) and qualitative (text) audience perceptions from a total of 10 social media posts of CITES Appendix I- or II-listed species. A greater frequency of positive than negative comments was observed (n = 8017), demonstrating the higher likelihood of social media promotion rather than negation of the exotic pet trade. Public education on wildlife conservation and exotic animal trade risks is imperative for successful conservation and welfare protection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endangered Exotic Pets on Social Media in the Middle East: Presence and Impact

Spee

Hazel

Grande

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…Many studies have focused on conversational formats of language that involve dialogues with responses, as these are often the most typical examples of written text that include facial representations (Riordan & Kreuz, 2010;Rodrigues, Lopes, Prada, Thompson, & Garrido, 2017;Skovholt, Grønning, & Kankaanranta, 2014). However, this raises questions about whether emoji can have an effect on other forms of statement, such as sentences outlining a narrative of an event from an external perspective (i.e.…”

Section: Digital Facial Representations and Text-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating effects of emoji on neutral narrative text: Evidence from eye movements and perceived emotional valence

Robus

Hand

Filik

et al. 2020

Computers in Human Behavior

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Digital images of faces such as emoji in virtual communication have become increasingly popular, but current research findings are inconsistent regarding their emotional effects on perceptions of text. Similarly, emoji effects on reading behaviours are largely unknown and require further examination. The present study (N = 41) investigated how the position and emotional valence of emoji in neutral narrative sentences influenced eye movements during reading and perceptions of sentence valence. Participants read neutral narrative sentences containing smiling or frowning emoji in sentence-initial or sentence-final positions and rated the perceived emotional valence of the sentence. Results from linear mixed-effects models demonstrated significantly longer fixations on sentence-final emoji and longer sentence reading times when emoji were in sentence-final positions. These findings are comparable to sentence 'wrap-up' effects witnessed in the processing of lexical units during sentence reading, providing new evidence towards the way readers integrate emoji into contextual processing. However, no impact of emoji valence or position on first-pass target word processing or sentence-valence ratings were found. This would refute previous suggestions that digital faces influence text valence, raising questions about reader preference for emoji or sentence sentiment, the influence of sentence formatting, and delivery/display mechanism on these effects.

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“…Emoji are useful for clarifying or enhancing message intent [14]. Emoji use also extends to symbolising private jokes, pictorial stories, and maintaining or showing interest in relationships [14,56,64,74,77]. However, emoji can be misunderstood due to variations in how their design is interpreted [44,64].…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emoji Accessibility for Visually Impaired People

Tigwell

Gorman

Menzies

2020

Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Emoji are graphical symbols that appear in many aspects of our lives. Worldwide, around 36 million people are blind and 217 million have a moderate to severe visual impairment. This portion of the population may use and encounter emoji, yet it is unclear what accessibility challenges emoji introduce. We first conducted an online survey with 58 visually impaired participants to understand how they use and encounter emoji online, and the challenges they experience. We then conducted 11 interviews with screen reader users to understand more about the challenges reported in our survey findings. Our interview findings demonstrate that technology is both an enabler and a barrier, emoji descriptors can hinder communication, and therefore the use of emoji impacts social interaction. Using our findings from both studies, we propose best practice when using emoji and recommendations to improve the future accessibility of emoji for visually impaired people.

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A frown emoji can be worth a thousand words: Perceptions of emoji use in text messages exchanged between romantic partners

Cited by 62 publications

References 37 publications

Endangered Exotic Pets on Social Media in the Middle East: Presence and Impact

Endangered Exotic Pets on Social Media in the Middle East: Presence and Impact

Investigating effects of emoji on neutral narrative text: Evidence from eye movements and perceived emotional valence

Emoji Accessibility for Visually Impaired People

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