A fresh look at an old thyroid disease: euthyroid and hyperthyroid nodular goiter

Studer, H

doi:10.1007/bf03350484

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It should be realized that complete quantification of the number of damaged follicles within a single goiter would require inspection of many thousands of serial sections. Even if this could be achieved in a number of goiters, no fixed relationship to peripheral thyroglobulin blood levels would be expected; factors such as the size of each breach, the viscosity of the colloid, the volume of the damaged follicles, the intraluminar pressure, the number and size of the lymph channels (13) in the variously structured interstitial stroma (24,25), and, possibly, many other regionally differing factors (18) would be anticipated to influence the rate of emptying of torn open follicular lumina.…”

Section: Follicular Epithelium Breaches and Follicle Necrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Site of Leakage of Intrafollicular Thyroglobulin into the Blood Stream in Simple Human Goiter*

Gebel¹,

Ramelli²,

Bürgi³

et al. 1983

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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Serum thyroglobulin is increased in many thyroid diseases, including simple goiter. We followed thyroglobulin levels in 19 patients with diffuse and nodular euthyroid goiters by serial measurements of 80 samples over 2 yr. The large intraindividual variations suggested episodic release of thyroglobulin in this thyroid disease. To test the hypothesis that the phenomenon was due to sporadic release of colloid from diseased follicles, we studied 98 multinodular goiters by conventional histological techniques. Sixty-four surgical samples were auto-radiographed. Focal necrosis of single follicles as well as large necrotic areas, involving multiple follicles together with interstitial stroma, were found in 42% of the goiter specimens. The earliest stage of necrosis was focal death of epithelial cells, often followed by hemorrhages. Through the epithelial gaps, colloid leaked out into the interstitial space. In later stages, granulation tissue containing numerous macrophages invaded damaged follicles. Fibrous scars remained as ultimate witness of repair processes. In one chance observation, acute release of highly labeled thyroglobulin from follicular lumina into the interfollicular interstitium was autoradiographically documented. We conclude that the varying concentrations of thyroglobulin in serum of patients with simple goiter may result from episodic necrosis of follicles, permitting leakage of colloid into the interfollicular space.

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Section: Follicular Epithelium Breaches and Follicle Necrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Site of Leakage of Intrafollicular Thyroglobulin into the Blood Stream in Simple Human Goiter*

Gebel¹,

Ramelli²,

Bürgi³

et al. 1983

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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“…A Fisher rat thyroid cell preparation, which is TSH dependent and proliferates in low serum (0.5% v/v) and a chemically-defined medium based on Ham's F-12 Medium as described above, was maintained in continuous culture and passaged every 4 weeks as previously described (Ambesi-Impiombata et al, 1980, 1982. The initial culture was provided by Dr L.D.…”

Section: Frtl-5 Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐ and Long‐term Evaluation of Normal and Abnormal Human Thyroid Cells in Monolayer Culture

Davies

Platzer

Schwartz

et al. 1985

Clinical Endocrinology

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We have investigated the TSH responsiveness of normal and abnormal human thyroid cells cultured in the short term with high serum concentrations and for up to 6 months in a low serum, chemically-defined, medium. Cells from normal human thyroid tissue (n = 9), multinodular goitre (n = 6), benign follicular adenomata (n = 6), and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (n = 3) formed confluent monolayers which were sensitive to bovine TSH (bTSH) in concentrations greater than 25 microU/ml when assessed by the intracellular response of cyclic AMP at 7 d of culture. Such sensitivity was less than that observed with a continuously proliferating thyroid cell line (FRTL-5) derived from Fisher rat thyroid and which responded to concentrations of bTSH as low as 5-10 microU/ml. Human cells derived from iodine/antithyroid drug treated Graves' thyroid tissue (n = 6) were less sensitive than normal cells requiring up to 500 microU/ml bTSH to increase intracellular cyclic AMP and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer cells (n = 3) failed to respond to bTSH. Long-term human thyroid cultures of normal and follicular adenoma cells in the chemically-defined medium used for the FRTL-5 cells had absent fibroblast growth and continued in monolayer form without significant follicle formation. These cells remained highly sensitive to bTSH stimulation when tested after 4, 13, and 26 weeks of continuous culture. All such cell preparations failed to proliferate under conditions which favoured the rapid growth of the rat thyroid cells. These data demonstrated that while thyroid cell culture conditions described in the literature do not permit proliferation of human thyroid cells, they do allow an assessment of their functional state in vitro which may lead to a further understanding of thyroid cell pathophysiology.

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“…With this it has been suggested that the morphological change reflects growth of thyroid activity followed by quiescence in a heterogenic fashion throughout the gland over several decades. 32 What drives this process, and in particular the patchy, local variations, is seldom known with certainty, although peptide growth factors have been investigated with equivocal results. 33 Worldwide endemic iodine deficiency accounts for millions of nodular goitres.…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine disorders

Belchetz

1993

Rev. Clin. Gerontol.

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A fresh look at an old thyroid disease: euthyroid and hyperthyroid nodular goiter

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

The Site of Leakage of Intrafollicular Thyroglobulin into the Blood Stream in Simple Human Goiter*

The Site of Leakage of Intrafollicular Thyroglobulin into the Blood Stream in Simple Human Goiter*

Short‐ and Long‐term Evaluation of Normal and Abnormal Human Thyroid Cells in Monolayer Culture

Endocrine disorders

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