“…As shown in Fig. 4, the stationary performance of methods [30] and [32] deteriorate due to the injection of the perturbation, while the proposed method and the FLL tool [22] exhibit a relatively better noise immunity. .…”
Section: A Simulation Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…The Forward-Euler discretization method with sampling period T s = 3 × 10 −4 s is employed in all simulations. Example 1: In this example, we compare the proposed method with two techniques available from the literature: the adaptive observer methods [30], [32] and the parallel AFLL method [22], all fed by the following signal composed by two sinusoids:…”
Section: A Simulation Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…. Time-behavior of the estimated frequencies by using the proposed method (blue) compared with the time behaviors of the estimated frequencies by the method [30] (green), [22] (red) and [32] (yellow).…”
Section: A Simulation Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The estimated amplitudes obtained by [22] are compared with the outcomes of the proposed adaptive observer in Fig. 5 (we only pick two methods that perform better in frequency estimation).…”
Section: A Simulation Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Following the preliminary work [19] concerning harmonically constructed signal with ANFs in parallel, an improved framework handling the n inter-harmonics is reported in [20] that is shown advantageous from a computational perspective with respect to the counterpart relying on multiple PLLs (see [21]). A variant of the OSG-TOGI scheme called adaptive frequency-locked-Loop (AFLL) filter based TOGI has been recently presented in [22], in which the explicit contents of the multi-sinusoidal signal can be tracked by deploying a bank of AFLL filters. In spite of the direct frequency estimation, only local stability can be guaranteed for the aforementioned PLL by averaging methods.…”
Abstract-This paper presents an adaptive observer-based robust estimation methodology of the amplitudes, frequencies and phases of biased multi-sinusoidal signals in presence of bounded perturbations on the measurement. The parameters of the sinusoidal components are estimated on-line and the update laws are individually controlled by an excitation-based switching logic enabling the update of a parameter only when the measured signal is sufficiently informative. This way doing, the algorithm is able to tackle the problem of over-parametrization (i.e., when the internal model accounts for a number of sinusoids that is larger than the true spectral content) or temporarily fading sinusoidal components. The stability analysis proves the existence of a tuning parameter set for which the estimator's dynamics are input-to-state stable with respect to bounded measurement disturbances. The performance of the proposed estimation approach is evaluated and compared with other existing tools by extensive simulation trials and real-time experiments.
“…As shown in Fig. 4, the stationary performance of methods [30] and [32] deteriorate due to the injection of the perturbation, while the proposed method and the FLL tool [22] exhibit a relatively better noise immunity. .…”
Section: A Simulation Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…The Forward-Euler discretization method with sampling period T s = 3 × 10 −4 s is employed in all simulations. Example 1: In this example, we compare the proposed method with two techniques available from the literature: the adaptive observer methods [30], [32] and the parallel AFLL method [22], all fed by the following signal composed by two sinusoids:…”
Section: A Simulation Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…. Time-behavior of the estimated frequencies by using the proposed method (blue) compared with the time behaviors of the estimated frequencies by the method [30] (green), [22] (red) and [32] (yellow).…”
Section: A Simulation Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The estimated amplitudes obtained by [22] are compared with the outcomes of the proposed adaptive observer in Fig. 5 (we only pick two methods that perform better in frequency estimation).…”
Section: A Simulation Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Following the preliminary work [19] concerning harmonically constructed signal with ANFs in parallel, an improved framework handling the n inter-harmonics is reported in [20] that is shown advantageous from a computational perspective with respect to the counterpart relying on multiple PLLs (see [21]). A variant of the OSG-TOGI scheme called adaptive frequency-locked-Loop (AFLL) filter based TOGI has been recently presented in [22], in which the explicit contents of the multi-sinusoidal signal can be tracked by deploying a bank of AFLL filters. In spite of the direct frequency estimation, only local stability can be guaranteed for the aforementioned PLL by averaging methods.…”
Abstract-This paper presents an adaptive observer-based robust estimation methodology of the amplitudes, frequencies and phases of biased multi-sinusoidal signals in presence of bounded perturbations on the measurement. The parameters of the sinusoidal components are estimated on-line and the update laws are individually controlled by an excitation-based switching logic enabling the update of a parameter only when the measured signal is sufficiently informative. This way doing, the algorithm is able to tackle the problem of over-parametrization (i.e., when the internal model accounts for a number of sinusoids that is larger than the true spectral content) or temporarily fading sinusoidal components. The stability analysis proves the existence of a tuning parameter set for which the estimator's dynamics are input-to-state stable with respect to bounded measurement disturbances. The performance of the proposed estimation approach is evaluated and compared with other existing tools by extensive simulation trials and real-time experiments.
SUMMARYThe problem of estimating the amplitude, frequency and phase of an unknown sinusoidal signal from a noisy biased measurement is addressed in this paper by a family of parallel pre-filtering schemes. The proposed methodology consists in using a pair of linear filters of specified order to generate a suitable number of auxiliary signals that are used to estimate -in an adaptive way -the frequency, the amplitude and the phase of the sinusoid. Increasing the order the pre-filters improves the noise immunity of the estimator, at the cost of an increase of the computational complexity. Among the whole family of estimators realizable by varying the order of the filters, the simple parallel pre-filters of order 2+2 and 3+3 are discussed in detail, being the most attractive from the implementability point of view. The behavior of the two algorithms with respect to bounded external disturbances is characterized by Input-to-State Stability arguments. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed technique is shown both by comparative numerical simulations and by a real experiment addressing the estimation of the frequency of the electrical mains from a noisy voltage measurement.
Several continuous-time frequency estimators for a measured sinusoidal signal, which have been proposed in the literature, are reviewed, reinterpreted and compared both theoretically and by simulations. It is argued that adaptive notch filters are feedback algorithms that contain a local adaptive observer in the feedback loop. It is shown that the adaptive notch filter (ANF), which was originally conceived as a discrete-time ANF, is basically equivalent to the recently proposed adapted frequency locked loop called orthogonal signal generator. They both require a sufficiently slow frequency estimation and can be interpreted as third-order adaptive observers. They exhibit local convergence properties for the estimation errors, that is, the convergence to zero is guaranteed provided that their initial error is sufficiently small. Three adaptive observers, which were independently proposed in 2002, are third-order frequency estimators whose estimation errors are exponentially convergent to zero from any initial condition and for any value of frequency, amplitude and phase in the measured sinusoidal signal. They have the additional advantage of not requiring the frequency estimation dynamics to be sufficiently slow. Conversely, they may be interpreted as adaptive notch filters. Second-order frequency estimators have been proposed as well: they may be interpreted as adaptive reduced-order observers.
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