A frequency-domain derivation of shot-noise

Rice, F.

doi:10.1119/1.4934706

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…When ⟨ n ⟩ is computed over long times, λ is a constant. However, as the observation or averaging time becomes shorter, the observed rate of formation will deviate from the mean due to random variations in the time interval between successive events, or equivalently, random variations in the number of events within the defined time interval . This behavior, which is illustrated in Figure , can be described by considering the variance in the observed event rate, n /τ, around the mean, given by …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Scaling of Exosome Sizes

Paulaitis

Agarwal²,

Nana‐Sinkam

2018

Langmuir

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A model is proposed for characterizing exosome size distributions based on dynamic scaling of domain growth on the limiting membrane of multivesicular bodies in the established exosome biogenesis pathway. The scaling exponent in this model captures the asymmetry of exosome size distributions, which are notably right-skewed to larger vesicles, independent of the minimum detectable vesicle size. Analyses of exosome size distributions obtained by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy imaging and nanoparticle tracking show, respectively, that the scaling exponent is sensitive to the state of the cell source for exosomes in cell culture supernatants and can distinguish exosome size distributions in serum samples taken from cancer patients relative to those from healthy donors. Finally, we comment on mechanistic differences between our dynamic scaling model and random fragmentation models used to describe size distributions of synthetic vesicles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Scaling of Exosome Sizes

Paulaitis

Agarwal²,

Nana‐Sinkam

2018

Langmuir

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“…4 (a) it is possible to determine the optimal working frequency range for the BHD as the interval between 1 MHz and 100 MHz approximately, where the difference INPSD has the typical white-noise flat trend and it is compatible with the expected ideal onesided Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the shot noise (dashed black line). This is defined as P SD shot−noise = 2eI, where e is the electron charge and I is the detector output current [57]. For high frequencies, above 100 MHz, the data drop below the ideal shot-noise level is due to the finite bandwidth of the setup (detector and oscilloscope).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared homodyne balanced detector for quantum light characterization

Gabbrielli,

Cappelli,

Bruno

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We present the characterization of a novel balanced homodyne detector operating in the mid-infrared. The challenging task of revealing non-classicality in mid-infrared light, e. g. in quantum cascade lasers emission, requires a high-performance detection system. Through the intensity noise power spectral density analysis of the differential signal coming from the incident radiation, we show that our setup is shot-noise limited. We discuss the experimental results with a view to possible applications to quantum technologies, such as free-space quantum communication.

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“…The main source of noise in the optical detection system is photon shot noise. For low spin contrast 1, which is a good approximation for NV centers, the noise is Poissonian and white and the power spectral density is simply given by S = R 0 [37]. Assuming a signal integration time of t int , the equivalent noise bandwidth of the filter from Eq.…”

Section: Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry by spectrum demodulation

Welter¹,

Josteinsson²,

S.³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We demonstrate a spectrum demodulation technique for greatly speeding up the data acquisition rate in scanning nitrogen-vacancy center magnetometry. Our method relies on a periodic excitation of the electron spin resonance by fast, wide-band frequency sweeps combined with a phase-locked detection of the photo-luminescence signal. The method can be extended by a frequency feedback to realize real-time tracking of the spin resonance. Fast scanning magnetometry is especially useful for samples where the signal dynamic range is large, of order millitesla, like for ferro-or ferrimagnets. We demonstrate our method by mapping stray fields above the model antiferromagnet α-Fe2O3 (hematite) at pixel rates of up to 100 Hz and an image resolution exceeding one megapixel.

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A frequency-domain derivation of shot-noise

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Dynamic Scaling of Exosome Sizes

Dynamic Scaling of Exosome Sizes

Mid-infrared homodyne balanced detector for quantum light characterization

Fast scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry by spectrum demodulation

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