A Frequency-Dependent Model for the Shape of the Fourier Amplitude Spectrum of Acceleration at High Frequencies

Haendel, Annabel; Anderson, John G.; Pilz, Marco; Cotton, Fabrice

doi:10.1785/0120200118

Cited by 49 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…This simple parameterization of attenuation ignores any frequency dependence to Q (e.g. [106][107][108]), and also trade-off between geometrical spreading (different for different wave types) and attenuation, which is well known from empirical ground motion prediction modelling (e.g. [109][110][111]).…”

Section: X(t) = S(t) * G(t) * K(t) * I(t)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolution and uncertainties in estimates of earthquake stress drop and energy release

Abercrombie

2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

100

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Our models and understanding of the dynamics of earthquake rupture are based largely on estimates of earthquake source parameters, such as stress drop and radiated seismic energy. Unfortunately, the measurements, especially those of small and moderate-sized earthquakes (magnitude less than about 5 or 6), are not well resolved, containing significant random and potentially systematic uncertainties. The aim of this review is to provide a context in which to understand the challenges involved in estimating these measurements, and to assess the quality and reliability of reported measurements of earthquake source parameters. I also discuss some of the ways progress is being made towards more reliable parameter measurements. At present, whether the earthquake source is entirely self-similar, or not, and which factors and processes control the physics of the rupture remains, at least in the author's opinion, largely unconstrained. Detailed analysis of the best recorded earthquakes, using the increasing quantity and quality of data available, and methods less dependent on simplistic source models is one approach that may help provide better constraints. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fracture dynamics of solid materials: from particles to the globe’.

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Section: X(t) = S(t) * G(t) * K(t) * I(t)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolution and uncertainties in estimates of earthquake stress drop and energy release

Abercrombie

2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

100

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“…Our observations of site effects up to 200 Hz relate to poorly understood processes governing high-frequency attenuation which is typically modeled using the κ parameter in engineering seismology and ground motion studies (Anderson & Hough, 1984;Ktenidou et al, 2014). This parameter can be separated into having a path and a site contribution.…”

Section: Site Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Alternative coda analysis methods to constrain source and medium effects equally consider narrow‐band envelopes (Holt et al., 2021; Mayeda et al., 2003, and others), but the advantages of the radiative transfer model are that it depends explicitly on the scattering medium properties, and resulting magnitudes do not require calibration. The shapes of the long seismograms constrain intrinsic or inelastic attenuation, in contrast to methods targeting the decay of the direct wave amplitude (Anderson & Hough, 1984; Boatwright, 1978). Therefore, both attenuation mechanisms can be inverted for separately, similar to multiple lapse time window analysis (Fehler et al., 1992; Hoshiba, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Earthquake Source Parameters, Attenuation, and Site Effects From Waveform Envelopes in the Fennoscandian Shield

et al. 2023

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We analyze envelopes of 233 and 22 ML0.0 to ML1.8 earthquakes induced by two geothermal stimulations in the Helsinki, Finland, metropolitan area. We separate source spectra and site terms and determine intrinsic attenuation and the scattering strength of shear waves in the 3–200 Hz frequency range using radiative transfer based synthetic envelopes. Displacement spectra yield scaling relations with a general deviation from self‐similarity, with a stronger albeit more controversial signal from the weaker 2020 stimulation. The 2020 earthquakes also tend to have a smaller local magnitude compared to 2018 earthquakes with the same moment magnitude. We discuss these connections in the context of fluid effects on rupture speed or medium properties. Site terms demonstrate that the spectral amplification relative to two reference borehole sites is not neutral at the other sensors; largest variations are observed at surface stations at frequencies larger than 30 Hz. Intrinsic attenuation is exceptionally low with Qi−1 ${Q}_{\mathrm{i}}^{-1}$ values down to 2.4 × 10−5 at 20 Hz, which allows the observation of a diffuse reflection at the ∼50 km deep Moho. Scattering strength is in the range of globally observed data with Qnormalsnormalc−1 ${Q}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{c}}^{-1}$ between 10−3 and 10−4. The application of the employed Qopen analysis program to the 2020 data in a retrospective monitoring mode demonstrates its versatility as a seismicity processing tool. The diverse results have implications for scaling relations, hazard assessment and ground motion modeling, and imaging and monitoring using ballistic and scattered wavefields in the crystalline Fennoscandian Shield environment.

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“…Negative κ r may result from (1) uncertainties in the computation procedure and (2) bias from site effects at high frequencies. The assumptions underlying Anderson and Hough (1984) classic κ r model require that the site response at high frequencies is almost flat (Haendel et al, 2020), which may fit the response of most local geologic structures appropriately. Due to limited subsurface characterization in our region of study, all sites with significant amplifications at high frequencies cannot be identified.…”

Section: Site Metadata For Californiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A DesignSafe earthquake ground motion database for California and surrounding regions

Cabas

Kottke³

et al. 2023

Earthquake Spectra

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This article presents a ground motion database for California and its close surroundings (i.e. areas near the border in Nevada, Oregon, and Arizona) from earthquakes between 1999 and 2021. This data set includes events with magnitudes larger than 3.2 and focal depths less than 40 km, and it is available on DesignSafe. Ground motion records and events included in this data set are collected from 65 different seismic networks and processed with an automated software tool called gmprocess, which was developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Path measures such as rupture distance and epicentral distance are computed, 5%-damped spectral accelerations, duration metrics, and other ground motion intensity measures (IMs) are provided for records that pass the quality assurance check performed by the gmprocess toolkit. The quality of processed ground motions is also screened by using outlier detection algorithms and a multiple wave-train arrivals identification algorithm. In addition, site metadata are provided, including wave velocity information (from proxy-based time-averaged shear-wave velocity for the top 30 m, Vs30, and from P- and S-wave measured velocity profiles when available), predominant frequency measured from microtremor-based horizontal-to-vertical ratios (mHVSR), and site-specific (high-frequency spectral decay) [Formula: see text] values computed from multiple ground motions recorded at sites when available. The final database contains 287,804 three-component ground motions recorded at 3709 stations from 2641 earthquakes with magnitudes and distances ranging from 3.2 to 7.2 and 0.15 to 335 km, respectively. This ground motion database contributes to advancing both engineering seismology studies and earthquake engineering applications in shallow crustal tectonic settings.

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A Frequency-Dependent Model for the Shape of the Fourier Amplitude Spectrum of Acceleration at High Frequencies

Cited by 49 publications

References 48 publications

Resolution and uncertainties in estimates of earthquake stress drop and energy release

Resolution and uncertainties in estimates of earthquake stress drop and energy release

Induced Earthquake Source Parameters, Attenuation, and Site Effects From Waveform Envelopes in the Fennoscandian Shield

A DesignSafe earthquake ground motion database for California and surrounding regions

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