“…However, most traditional MMAs have some drawbacks in that the absorption level and working frequency are uncontrolled apart from changing the geometrical parameters of the unit-cell structure, which will limit their practical applications [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Nowadays, to achieve tunable properties of the MMAs, some effective methods have been proposed and demonstrated, such as machine [ 23 ], laser [ 24 , 25 , 26 ], temperature [ 27 , 28 ], and voltage modulation [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. However, the realization of the broadband tunable and strong absorption of the MMA is still a great challenge.…”