“…The annual electricity consumed by the global data movement is estimated to be more than 100 terawatt hours at the current rate, costing more than 20 billion US dollars per year [26,29,52,55,62]. This fact has resulted in considerable amount of work focusing on power management and energy efficiency in hardware and software systems [16,19,21,30,33,39,57,58,60,63,70] as well as on power-aware networking [14,25,27,28,34,52]. On the other hand, there has been little work focusing on saving data transfer energy at the end systems (sender and receiver nodes).…”