A framework program for the teaching of alternative methods (replacement, reduction, refinement) to animal experimentation

Daneshian, Mardas; Akbarsha, Mohammad Abdulkader; Blaauboer, Bas J.; Caloni, F.; Cosson, Pierre; Curren, Rodger D.; Goldberg, Alan M.; Gruber, Franz; Ohl, Frauke; Pfaller, Walter; Valk, Jan van der; Vinardell, M. Pilar; Zurlo, Joanne; Hartung, Thomas; Leist, Marcel

doi:10.14573/altex.2011.4.341

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Training and education are always central to the adoption of new scientific approaches (Daneshian et al, 2011). In particular, ITS are an emerging topic where consolidated experience be-…”

Section: Training and Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated testing strategies (ITS) for safety assessment

Rovida

2015

ALTEX

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128

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SummaryIntegrated testing strategies (ITS), as opposed to a single definitive test or fixed batteries of tests, are expected to efficiently combine different information sources in a quantifiable fashion to satisfy an information need, in this case for regulatory safety assessments. With increasing awareness of the limitations of each individual tool and the development of highly targeted tests and predictions, the need for combining pieces of evidence increases. The discussions that took place during this workshop, which brought together a group of experts coming from different related areas, illustrate the current state of the art of ITS, as well as promising developments and identifiable challenges. The case of skin sensitization was taken as an example to understand how possible ITS can be constructed, optimized and validated. This will require embracing and developing new concepts such as adverse outcome pathways (AOP), advanced statistical learning algorithms and machine learning, mechanistic validation and "Good ITS Practices".Keywords: in vitro methods, testing strategy, Tox21c, skin sensitization, computational toxicology this is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is appropriately cited. *A report of t 4 -the transatlantic think tank for toxicology, a collaboration of the toxicologically oriented chairs in Baltimore, Konstanz and Utrecht sponsored by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation; participants do not represent their institutions and do not necessarily endorse all recommendations made.

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“…Training and education are always central to the adoption of new scientific approaches (Daneshian et al, 2011). In particular, ITS are an emerging topic where consolidated experience be-…”

Section: Training and Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated testing strategies (ITS) for safety assessment

Rovida

2015

ALTEX

145

128

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“…Pesquisas devem continuar sendo feitas para ajudar os cientistas a desenvolver métodos alternativos que minimizem ou extermine, definitivamente, o uso de animais em pesquisa (Daneshian et al, 2011, Murthy, 2013. Todavia, novas tecnologias têm dificuldades para serem aceitas, mesmo com numerosas alternativas ao uso de animais (Schiffelers et al, 2012).…”

Section: Recursos Alternativos Ao Uso De Animais No Ensino Superiorunclassified

Propostas pedagógicas substitutivas ao uso de animais no ensino superior: uma revisão

Carniatto

2017

Pubvet

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RESUMO.Animais são utilizados em atividades de ensino e pesquisa há vários séculos, principalmente em estudos relacionados à anatomia, fisiologia e recentemente à farmacologia; são, também, utilizados em aulas práticas e em atividades didáticas de diversos cursos de graduação. Entretanto, com a crescente discussão sobre os direitos dos animais não humanos, e cientes da responsabilidade do homem na conservação do planeta e na manutenção da biodiversidade, se faz necessário desenvolver recursos alternativos ao uso de animais no ensino e na pesquisa no nível superior. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o uso de métodos substitutivos à experimentação animal, através de consultas a periódicos nacionais e internacionais relacionados à bioética, experimentação animal, vivissecção e recursos alternativos. Foram encontrados métodos substitutos à experimentação animal, que podem ser aplicados em cursos superiores no Brasil, sobretudo em estudos e pesquisas biomédicas, farmacêuticas e toxicológicas. O uso de animais em atividades práticas, onde estes são sacrificados apenas para observação de estruturas anatômicas ou visualização de processos fisiológicos já conhecidos e estabelecidos, pode ser substituído por gravações e/ou modelos anatômicos. O uso de recursos alternativos é um processo tecnológico, porém lento, que deve ser desenvolvido, implantado e incentivado pelo professor universitário, afirmando sua responsabilidade social e científica.Palavras chave: Bioética, didática no ensino superior, experimentação animal Pedagogical proposals for the use of animals in higher education: a review ABSTRACT. Animals are used in teaching and research activities for centuries, especially in studies related to anatomy, physiology and, recently, pharmacology; they are also used in practical classes and educational activities of undergraduate courses. However, with the growing discussion on the rights of nonhuman animals, and aware of the responsibility of man in the preservation of the planet and in maintaining biodiversity, it is necessary to develop alternative resources to the use of animals in teaching and research in higher education. This study aimed to investigate the use of substitutive methods to animal testing, consultation national and international journals related to bioethics, animal experimentation, vivisection and alternative resources. There are substitute's methods to animal testing, which can be applied to higher education in Brazil, especially in education and biomedical, pharmaceutical and toxicological researches. The use of animals in practical activities where they are sacrificed just to observe anatomical structures or visualization physiological processes that are already known and established, can be replaced by recordings or anatomical models. The use of alternative resources is a technological process, though slow, which should be developed, deployed, and encouraged by the professor, saying his social and scientific responsibility.

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“…the presentation by Prof. F. Caloni (University of Milan) showed the use of the 3Rs (Replace, Reduce, Refine) in toxicology, research, and teaching (Daneshian et al, 2011). In vitro toxicology evaluates the effects of xenobiotics at the cellular and molecular level; in vitro methods that show remarkable reliability are then subjected to the process of validation before being used in the regulatory environment.…”

Section: Workhop Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Aspects in the Application of the New Legislation: Alternative Methods and 3R Principle, Role of Ethical Committees and Animal Suffering

Caloni

Costa

Negro

et al. 2012

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A framework program for the teaching of alternative methods (replacement, reduction, refinement) to animal experimentation

Abstract: Summary Development of improved communication and education strategies is important to make alternatives

Cited by 33 publications

References 72 publications

Integrated testing strategies (ITS) for safety assessment

Integrated testing strategies (ITS) for safety assessment

Propostas pedagógicas substitutivas ao uso de animais no ensino superior: uma revisão

Practical Aspects in the Application of the New Legislation: Alternative Methods and 3R Principle, Role of Ethical Committees and Animal Suffering

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