A framework for the interpretation of temperature effects on dormancy and germination in seed populations showing dormancy

Batlla, Diego; Benech‐Arnold, Roberto L.

doi:10.1017/s0960258514000452

Cited by 99 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Temperature regulates germination in two main ways: by modulating seed dormancy, and by affecting the germination rate of nondormant seeds (Batlla & Benech‐Arnold, ). We first analyzed germination behavior of naturally dispersed Nothofagus seeds at 12, 17 and 22°C, and observed that, whereas N. obliqua and N. pumilio did not germinate in these conditions, a large proportion of N. nervosa seeds completed germination at the warmer temperatures (% germination: 22°C = 86.4 ± 3.8; 17°C =75.4 ± 3.8), although only a small fraction of the population (6 ± 0.76%) germinated at 12°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed dormancy responses to temperature relate toNothofagusspecies distribution and determine temporal patterns of germination across altitudes in Patagonia

et al. 2015

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Summary Seeds integrate environmental cues that modulate their dormancy and germination. Although many mechanisms have been identified in laboratory experiments, their contribution to germination dynamics in existing communities and their involvement in defining species habitats remain elusive. By coupling mathematical models with ecological data we investigated the contribution of seed temperature responses to the dynamics of germination of three Nothofagus species that are sharply distributed across different altitudes in the Patagonian Andes. Seed responsiveness to temperature of the three Nothofagus species was linked to the thermal characteristics of their preferred ecological niche. In their natural distribution range, there was overlap in the timing of germination of the species, which was restricted to mid‐spring. By contrast, outside their species distribution range, germination was temporally uncoupled with altitude. This phenomenon was described mathematically by the interplay between interspecific differences in seed population thermal parameters and the range in soil thermic environments across different altitudes. The observed interspecific variations in seed responsiveness to temperature and its environmental regulation, constitute a major determinant of the dynamics of Nothofagus germination across elevations. This phenomenon likely contributes to the maintenance of patterns of species abundance across altitude by placing germinated seeds in a favorable environment for plant growth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…() in which the GR of each fraction of the population is linearly related to the incubation temperature. T b is defined by the interception of the temperature axis when GR (g) = 0 (Batlla & Benech‐Arnold, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed dormancy responses to temperature relate toNothofagusspecies distribution and determine temporal patterns of germination across altitudes in Patagonia

et al. 2015

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“…Here, we demonstrate that a process that is generally overlooked in hydrothermal germination models is important for A. thaliana : temperatures ranges for germination are dynamic and thus model parameters such as optimal and supra‐optimal temperatures are not static (Batlla & Benech‐Arnold, ). These temperature ranges change during dry after‐ripening and are altered by the seed‐maturation environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple paths to similar germination behavior in Arabidopsis thaliana

2015

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SummaryGermination timing influences plant fitness, and its sensitivity to temperature may cause it to change as climate shifts. These changes are likely to be complex because temperatures that occur during seed maturation and temperatures that occur post-dispersal interact to define germination timing.We used the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana to determine how flowering time (which defines seed-maturation temperature) and post-dispersal temperature influence germination and the expression of genetic variation for germination.Germination responses to temperature (germination envelopes) changed as seeds aged, or after-ripened, and these germination trajectories depended on seed-maturation temperature and genotype. Different combinations of genotype, seed-maturation temperature, and afterripening produced similar germination envelopes. Likewise, different genotypes and seedmaturation temperatures combined to produce similar germination trajectories. Differences between genotypes were most likely to be observed at high and low germination temperatures.The germination behavior of some genotypes responds weakly to maternal temperature but others are highly plastic. We hypothesize that weak dormancy induction could synchronize germination of seeds dispersed at different times. By contrast, we hypothesize that strongly responsive genotypes may spread offspring germination over several possible germination windows. Considering germination responses to temperature is important for predicting phenology expression and evolution in future climates.

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“…Temperature is a critical environmental regulator of seed dormancy, signaling seasonal information to seeds to match their germination potential to periods favorable for seedling emergence and survival as well as influencing subsequent phases of the plant life cycle (Footitt et al, 2014;Batlla and Benech-Arnold, 2015;Burghardt et al, 2015;Huo and Bradford, 2015). In many crops, domestication has largely eliminated these natural dormancy mechanisms, but in others, such as lettuce, they persist and can cause problems for germination and synchronous crop establishment when temperatures exceed permissive limits .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation for Thermotolerance in Lettuce Seed Germination Is Associated with Temperature-Sensitive Regulation of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 (ERF1)

et al. 2015

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-1928-9719 (F.-Y.Y.); 0000-0002-9521-6124 (K.J.B.). Seeds of most lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars are susceptible to thermoinhibition, or failure to germinate at temperatures above approximately 28°C, creating problems for crop establishment in the field. Identifying genes controlling thermoinhibition would enable the development of cultivars lacking this trait and, therefore, being less sensitive to high temperatures during planting. Seeds of a primitive accession (PI251246) of lettuce exhibited high-temperature germination capacity up to 33°C. Screening a recombinant inbred line population developed from PI215246 and cv Salinas identified a major quantitative trait locus (Htg9.1) from PI251246 associated with the high-temperature germination phenotype. Further genetic analyses discovered a tight linkage of the Htg9.1 phenotype with a specific DNA marker (NM4182) located on a single genomic sequence scaffold. Expression analyses of the 44 genes encoded in this genomic region revealed that only a homolog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 (termed LsERF1) was differentially expressed between PI251246 and cv Salinas seeds imbibed at high temperature (30°C). LsERF1 belongs to a large family of transcription factors associated with the ethylene-signaling pathway. Physiological assays of ethylene synthesis, response, and action in parental and near-isogenic Htg9.1 genotypes strongly implicate LsERF1 as the gene responsible for the Htg9.1 phenotype, consistent with the established role for ethylene in germination thermotolerance of Compositae seeds. Expression analyses of genes associated with the abscisic acid and gibberellin biosynthetic pathways and results of biosynthetic inhibitor and hormone response experiments also support the hypothesis that differential regulation of LsERF1 expression in PI251246 seeds elevates their upper temperature limit for germination through interactions among pathways regulated by these hormones. Our results support a model in which LsERF1 acts through the promotion of gibberellin biosynthesis to counter the inhibitory effects of abscisic acid and, therefore, promote germination at high temperatures.

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A framework for the interpretation of temperature effects on dormancy and germination in seed populations showing dormancy

Cited by 99 publications

References 42 publications

Seed dormancy responses to temperature relate toNothofagusspecies distribution and determine temporal patterns of germination across altitudes in Patagonia

Seed dormancy responses to temperature relate toNothofagusspecies distribution and determine temporal patterns of germination across altitudes in Patagonia

Multiple paths to similar germination behavior in Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetic Variation for Thermotolerance in Lettuce Seed Germination Is Associated with Temperature-Sensitive Regulation of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 (ERF1)

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