A framework for evaluating geographical information

Raper, Jonathan; Dykes, Jason; Wood, Jo; Mountain, David; Krause, Anton; Rhind, David

doi:10.1177/016555150202800105

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Two specific contributions have been made to current thinking on GINs after an initial sketch in Raper et al (2002). Coppola et al (2004) suggest that one of the dimensions of Mizzaro (1998) four dimensional model of relevance i.e.…”

Section: Geographic Information Seeking and Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic relevance

Raper¹

2007

Journal of Documentation

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper concerns the dimensions of relevance in information retrieval systems and their completeness in new retrieval contexts such as mobile search. Geography as a factor in relevance is little understood and information seeking is assumed to take place in indoor environments. Yet the rise of information seeking on the move using mobile devices implies the need to better understand the kind of situational relevance operating in this kind of context. Design/methodology/approach -The paper outlines and explores a geographic information seeking process in which geographic information needs (conditioned by needs and tasks, in context) drive the acquisition and use of geographic information objects, which in turn influence geographic behaviour in the environment. Geographic relevance is defined as "a relation between a geographic information need" (like an attention span) and "the spatio-temporal expression of the geographic information objects needed to satisfy it" (like an area of influence). Some empirical examples are given to indicate the theoretical and practical application of this work. Findings -The paper sets out definitions of geographical information needs based on cognitive and geographic criteria, and proposes four canonical cases, which might be theorised as anomalous states of geographic knowledge (ASGK). The paper argues that geographic relevance is best defined as a spatio-temporally extended relation between information need (an "attention" span) and geographic information object (a zone of "influence"), and it defines four domains of geographic relevance. Finally a model of geographic relevance is suggested in which attention and influence are modelled as map layers whose intersection can define the nature of the relation. Originality/value -Geographic relevance is a new field of research that has so far been poorly defined and little researched. This paper sets out new principles for the study of geographic information behaviour. IntroductionIn the last few years information seeking has begun moving off the desk and into a variety of new settings, facilitated by the evolution of the mobile phone into a connected portable computer (Dobrowolski et al., 2000). This has placed a new focus on information seeking behaviour whilst mobile (Allen and Shoard, 2005), and opened a debate about the design of mobile information retrieval systems (IRS), their interfaces (Raper and Gartner et al., 2007) and their relevance criteria.The question addressed in this paper is whether the existing information seeking models fully explain information seeking behaviour Wilson (2000) in this new mobile environment. The main assertion is that situational relevance (SR) concepts as currently articulated (e.g. Vakkari and Järvelin (2005)) do not deal sufficiently with concepts of mobility and geography, and that these concepts are essential to the understanding of mobile information seeking.It is argued in this paper that "geographic relevance" (GR) is a key element in understanding mobile inform...

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Section: Geographic Information Seeking and Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the role of geo-representation in GI has been extensively explored in the geographic information systems (GIS) literature (Worboys and Duckham, 2004), less attention has been paid to the communicative processes needed to ensure that GI is relevant, appropriate and understandable to users (Raper et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic relevance

Raper¹

2007

Journal of Documentation

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“…A GIS that integrates 2D and 3D views of the same data is described in [16]. A system that incorporates some error capabilities is LandSerf [17], including shaded relief, curvature visualization, peak classification, and others. LandSerf is also very useful in generating contours and reading/writing many file formats.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The profile cutter is a planar rectangle orthogonal to the surface that enables the viewer to make a vertical "slice" through the DEM to better see the profile at any x or y position. The general idea is similar to the functionality included in LandSerf [17] in which a profile with any two endpoints can be displayed; however, the surface context of the profile is lost. In DEMEV, alpha blending makes the cutter semi-transparent, thus showing the profile within the context of the remaining DEM in the background.…”

Section: The Profile Cuttermentioning

confidence: 99%

A system for 3D error visualization and assessment of digital elevation models

Gousie

Milewski

2007

2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

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A digital elevation model (DEM) can be created using a variety of interpolation or approximation methods, any of which may yield errors in the final result. We present DEMEV (DEM Error Viewer), a visualization system that displays a DEM and possible errors in 3D, along with its associated contour or sparse data and/or a comparison DEM. The system incorporates several error visualizations. One method compares the test DEM to source data and highlights discrepancies (difference error) beyond a user-variable threshold. A novel, vertical cutting tool can slice the DEM to create a profile view that shows the surface of the test and comparison DEMs simultaneously, allowing the user to discern small errors between the two files in minute detail. The cutting tool is semi-transparent so that the profile is seen in the context of the 3D surface. Another novel error visualization uses height classes to display possible problems with slope in a DEM computed from contours. Other features of the system include visualizations for local curvature and slope, a display of computed statistics such as RMSE, total squared curvature, etc., in addition to typical GIS tools. The system is designed as an error-visualization tool; the above functions are displayed and readily available on the user interface. The system has been tested with USGS data files to show its efficacy.

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“…Moreover, the possibility of knowing beforehand the spatial distribution of pollutants enables the spatial planning of a monitoring procedure that is usually required in cases such as these. The integration of analytical models, spatial data and methods of representing numeric data directly over a map using adequate graphical metaphors thus makes possible an improvement of both the representational and communicative processes (Dykes, 1997;MacEachren, 1995;Raper et al, 2002). This integration is potentially effective in overcoming some of the problems that make the use of some models in environmental analysis and planning difficult (Wang et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling environmental impacts over urban areas and facilities

Almeida¹,

Coutinho-Rodrigues²

2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal E

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The Portuguese government has conceived a nationwide plan for the co-incineration of hazardous industrial waste at two existing cement plants located near the cities of Coimbra and Setú bal. This has been a problem of great concern for the populations of both cities, who have demonstrated strong opposition to the incineration of hazardous substances so close to the aforementioned urban centres. This paper describes a study that was carried out to evaluate possible environmental impacts on the city of Coimbra in particular and some of its urban facilities. A computerised environmental impact modelling approach for atmospheric dispersion, using a Gaussian model and its linkage to a geographical information system, was implemented. Using actual physical information, such as the direction and speed of more frequent winds, this study showed how the accidental emission of pollutants into the atmosphere by the cement plant at the north of Coimbra would affect some particularly sensitive urban facilities (e.g. hospital units and pre-primary schools) and all the inhabited area between the cement plant and the city centre. The regional health authority has requested the results obtained to design a plan of ambient monitoring. Municipal Engineer Volume 164 Issue ME2Modelling environmental impacts over urban areas and facilities Almeida and Coutinho-Rodrigues

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A framework for evaluating geographical information

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Geographic relevance

Geographic relevance

A system for 3D error visualization and assessment of digital elevation models

Modelling environmental impacts over urban areas and facilities

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