“…Isogeometric analysis has been used within several applications for shell structures, e.g. it has been applied in fracture (Ambati and De Lorenzis, 2016;Kiendl et al, 2016;Paul et al, 2020b;Proserpio et al, 2020):, shape and topology optimization (Nagy et al, 2013;Kiendl et al, 2014;Hirschler et al, 2019), elasto-plasticity (Ambati et al, 2018;Huynh et al, 2020), composite shells (Thai et al, 2012;Deng et al, 2015;Roohbakhshan and Sauer, 2016;Schulte et al, 2020), inverse analysis (Vu-Bac et al, 2018Borzeszkowski et al, 2022), Cahn-Hilliard phase separations (Valizadeh and Rabczuk, 2019;Zimmermann et al, 2019), biological shells (Tepole et al, 2015;Roohbakhshan and Sauer, 2017), and surfactants (Roohbakhshan and Sauer, 2019).…”