A framework for assessing the adequacy of Water Quality Index – Quantifying parameter sensitivity and uncertainties in missing values distribution

Pak, Hui Ying; Chuah, C. Joon; Tan, Mou Leong; Yong, Ee Ling; Snyder, Shane A.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141982

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The WQIs are derived from a big data collection containing different water quality metrics from various places. Several WQIs were developed to serve as indicators for assessing water availability in both potable supply and agricultural usage [30][31][32][33]. The basic goal of WQIs is to convert large numbers of complicated datasets into quantitative water quality data, contributing to a better understanding of water quality [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia

Osta

Masoud

Alqarawy

et al. 2022

Water

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Water shortage and quality are major issues in many places, particularly arid and semi-arid regions such as Makkah Al-Mukarramah province, Saudi Arabia. The current work was conducted to examine the geochemical mechanisms influencing the chemistry of groundwater and assess groundwater resources through several water quality indices (WQIs), GIS methods, and the partial least squares regression model (PLSR). For that, 59 groundwater wells were tested for different physical and chemical parameters using conventional analytical procedures. The results showed that the average content of ions was as follows: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg 2+ > K+ and Cl− > SO42− > HCO32− > NO3− > CO3−. Under the stress of evaporation and saltwater intrusion associated with the reverse ion exchange process, the predominant hydrochemical facies were Ca-HCO3, Na-Cl, mixed Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4, and Na-Ca-HCO3. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) has indicated that only 5% of the wells were categorized under good to excellent for drinking while the majority (95%) were poor to unsuitable for drinking, and required appropriate treatment. Furthermore, the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) has indicated that 45.5% of the wells were classified under high to severe restriction for agriculture, and can be utilized only for high salt tolerant plants. The majority (54.5%) were deemed moderate to no restriction for irrigation, with no toxicity concern for most plants. Agriculture indicators such as total dissolved solids (TDS), potential salinity (PS), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) had mean values of 2572.30, 33.32, 4.84, and −21.14, respectively. However, the quality of the groundwater in the study area improves with increased rainfall and thus recharging the Quaternary aquifer. The PLSR models, which are based on physicochemical characteristics, have been shown to be the most efficient as alternative techniques for determining the six WQIs. For instance, the PLSR models of all IWQs had determination coefficients values of R2 ranging between 0.848 and 0.999 in the Cal., and between 0.848 and 0.999 in the Val. datasets, and had model accuracy varying from 0.824 to 0.999 in the Cal., and from 0.817 to 0.989 in the Val. datasets. In conclusion, the combination of physicochemical parameters, WQIs, and multivariate modeling with statistical analysis and GIS tools is a successful and adaptable methodology that provides a comprehensive picture of groundwater quality and governing mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia

Osta

Masoud

Alqarawy

et al. 2022

Water

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“…Dalam implementasi penggunaan formulasi IKA-INA untuk penilaian kualitas air, tidak semua parameter kualitas air yang digunakan dalam IKA-INA tersebut tersedia datanya. Di beberapa lokasi kadang ditemukan ada data yang tidak tersedia karena validitas tidak terpenuhi, ataupun karena memang tidak tersedia datanya (Kabir et al, 2020;Pak et al, 2021). Data yang hilang tersebut dapat memberi kontribusi hasil 102 ECOLAB Vol.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…IKA-INA results with missing parameters that use corrected weights and IKA-INA results with the majority complete parameters provide no different IKA status, except for fecal coliform parameters and parameters that have levels that are much different from overall water conditions. indeks kualitas air yang sangat berbeda jika tidak dilakukan penanganan yang tepat (A. W. Ebuete & Ebuete, 2018;Pak et al, 2021;Srivastava & Kumar, 2013). Diperlukan upaya uji coba untuk penilaian kualitas air dengan menggunakan indeks kualitas air terhadap data yang hilang.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Penanganan Parameter yang Hilang dalam Aplikasi Penilaian Kualitas Air IKA-INA

Ratnaningsih¹,

Lestari²,

Nazir³

2021

Ecolab

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Kualitas air di suatu wilayah yang merupakan salah satu indikator lingkungan dapat dievaluasi menggunakan parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi. Indeks Kualitas Air Indonesia (IKA-INA) dapat digunakan untuk menilai kondisi kualitas air secara menyeluruh pada lokasi dan waktu tertentu. IKA-INA dihitung dengan menggunakan sepuluh (10) parameter yaitu pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), NO3, NH3, Total Phosphate (TP) dan fecal coliform. IKA-INA tersebut merupakan indeks kualitas air yang dapat memberikan informasi secara sederhana. Dalam pemanfaatannya, tidak semua data parameter dalam IKA-INA tersebut dapat terpenuhi karena adanya data tidak valid atau data yang hilang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberi alternatif rumusan IKA-INA dengan parameter yang tidak lengkap atau jika tidak semua data dalam parameters tersebut tersedia. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyusun rumusan adalah dengan melakukan koreksi faktor bobot parameter IKA-INA terhadap parameter yang hilang dan nilai Q (nilai sub-indeks). Setelah itu dilakukan uji coba pada nilai baku mutu air dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22/2021 Lampiran VI serta pada data kualitas air sungai yang mewakili kualitas baik dan buruk. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa bobot parameter terkoreksi dapat digunakan untuk penanganan parameter yang hilang dalam penilaian kualitas air dengan metode IKA-INA. Hasil IKA-INA dengan parameter hilang yang menggunakan bobot terkoreksi dan hasil IKA-INA dengan parameter lengkap mayoritas memberikan status IKA yang tidak berbeda, kecuali untuk parameter fecal coli dan parameter yang mempunyai kadar jauh berbeda terhadap kondisi air secara keseluruhan.

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“…The use of minimum indices simplifies the assessment of water quality for monitoring purposes (Oliveira et al, 2018a;Wu et al, 2018). Based on the use of fewer parameters, the use of minimum indices is even more beneficial, especially in emerging countries, as this reduces the analytic cost of measurement of analytic parameters (Wu et al, 2018;Pak et al, 2021). Results of the minimum WQI as calculated based on the NSF WQI have shown themselves to be highly linearly correlated, which shows that the minimum index approach is powerful when it comes to the quick establishment of the WQI (Wu et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Water Quality Index With a Reduced Number of Parameters

et al. 2022

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The development of water quality indices (WQIs), duly modified and using a small number of parameters, may be of great economic use. The purpose of this work was to develop a WQI with a reduced number of parameters (WQIred), in relation to what is used in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais (WQIIGAM), in the basin of the Doce River. Four different scenarios were analysed, with the absence of the following parameters for the calculation of the WQIred: BOD, E. coli and phosphate; BOD and E. coli; BOD, E. coli and total solids (TS); BOD, E. coli, phosphate and TS. The redistribution of the weight attributed to the eliminated parameters was done according to the following methods: (i) in weighted form, through optimisation of the correlation between the WQIred and the WQIIGAM; (ii) based on the cluster analysis. The best scenario found was that of the WQIred considering only DO, pH, temperature variation, nitrates and turbidity, with the weights being redistributed based on cluster analysis. This scenario maintained satisfactory performance, with a minimum difference being observed between WQIIGAM and WQIred, in terms of management purpose. The WQIred as proposed makes it possible to establish a monitoring control system operating in real time in the Doce river basin, as all the parameters considered can be obtained with the use of multiparameter probes.

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A framework for assessing the adequacy of Water Quality Index – Quantifying parameter sensitivity and uncertainties in missing values distribution

Cited by 32 publications

References 59 publications

Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia

Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia

Penanganan Parameter yang Hilang dalam Aplikasi Penilaian Kualitas Air IKA-INA

Development of a Water Quality Index With a Reduced Number of Parameters

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