A Fragile Image Watermarking Scheme in DWT Domain Using Chaotic Sequences and Error-Correcting Codes

Abstract

With the rapid development of digital signal processing tools, image contents can be easily manipulated or maliciously tampered with. Fragile watermarking has been largely used for content authentication purposes. This article presents a new proposal for image fragile watermarking algorithms for tamper detection and image recovery. The watermarked bits are obtained from the parity bits of an error-correcting code whose message is formed from a binary chaotic sequence (generated from a secret key known to all legitimate users) and from bits of the original image. Part of the codeword (the chaotic bits) is perfectly known to these users during the extraction phase, adding security and robustness to the watermarking method. The watermarked bits are inserted at specific sub-bands of the discrete wavelet transform of the original image and are used as authentication bits for the tamper detection process. The imperceptibility, detection, and recovery of this algorithm are tested for various common attacks over digital images. The proposed algorithm is analyzed for both grayscale and colored images. Comparison results reveal that the proposed technique performs better than some existing methods.

Image watermarking based on remainder value differencing and extended Hamming code

“…The parameter ACC shown in Eq. (26) represent the extent to which the tampered pixels are identified E Q -T A R G E T ; t e m p : i n t r a l i n k -; e 0 2 5 ; 1 1 4 ; 1 0 6…”

“…High embedding capacity is achieved. Ramos et al 26 proposed a fragile watermarking scheme with tamper detection and recovery. They generated the WBs from parity bits of an error correcting code and inserted in certain sub-bands of the discrete wavelength transform.…”

A Zero-Watermarking Algorithm Based on Scale-Invariant Feature Reconstruction Transform

“…In the face of high-intensity attacks, the computed watermark information may be incomplete. To address this deficiency, we plan to introduce error-correcting code data-encoding techniques in future algorithmic research [20]. This approach aims to recover lost data using known key point information and encoding constraints.…”