A four‐year longitudinal study examining psychache and suicide ideation in elevated‐risk undergraduates: A test of Shneidman's model of suicidal behavior

Montemarano, Vanessa; Troister, Talia; Lambert, Christine E.; Holden, Ronald R.

doi:10.1002/jclp.22639

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Our results strengthen the hypothesis that psychological pain is a construct that predicts suicidal events independently of depressive symptomatology [3, 4]. On the contrary, Trakhtenbrot et al [5] did not find that psychological pain was predictive of future SA.…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

“…Shneidman [2] defined it as “psychache,” an acute state of intense psychological pain associated with feelings of guilt, anguish, fear, panic, loneliness, and helplessness, which is at the core of the suicidal process. Previous research in 2 cohorts of students at high risk of suicide showed baseline psychological pain and variations in psychological pain to be stronger predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) than depression or hopelessness during follow-up [3, 4]. However, a prospective study in 153 psychiatric inpatients showed that baseline psychological pain did not predict a future suicide attempt (SA) [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brief Assessment of Psychological Pain to Predict Suicidal Events at One Year in Depressed Patients

Alacreu‐Crespo¹,

Cazals²,

Courtet³

et al. 2020

Psychother Psychosom

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supporting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Assessment of Psychological Pain to Predict Suicidal Events at One Year in Depressed Patients

Alacreu‐Crespo¹,

Cazals²,

Courtet³

et al. 2020

Psychother Psychosom

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“…Unbearable psychache also accounted for unique information in suicidal desire over and above these other variables. In addition, recent research suggests unbearable psychache is a primary motivation for suicide (May & Klonsky, ; May et al., ) and that psychache is a more important predictor of suicidal ideation than depression or hopelessness (Montemarano, Troister, Lambert, & Holden, ). Thus, taken together with other work, our findings suggest that incorporating unbearable psychache in risk assessments may provide clinicians with essential information pertaining to suicide risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The last four items ask respondents to endorse how strongly they agree or disagree with the experience described in each item, ranging from 1-strongly disagree to 5strongly agree. Psychometric properties of the Psychache Scale have been established in previous research demonstrating excellent scale reliability and good validity (Holden et al, 2001;Mills, Green, & Reddon, 2005).…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Measure of Unbearable Psychache

Pachkowski

May

Tsai

et al. 2019

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Objective Psychache has been proposed to cause suicide when it becomes unbearable. However, existing measures of psychache do not directly target unbearable psychache. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to provide initial validation for a brief measure of unbearable psychache. Method Three items were selected to create the Unbearable Psychache Scale (UP3). Psychometric properties were assessed in two populations: (1) an online sample composed of 1,006 adults (53% male) from various locations in the United States and (2) a sample of 190 psychiatric inpatient adults (47% male) from a hospital in Western Canada. Results In both samples, the UP3 demonstrated excellent internal reliability, and strong convergent and predictive validity. Additionally, the UP3 predicted significant variance in suicidal ideation over and above documented correlates of suicidal ideation including general psychache, hopelessness, perceived burdensomeness, and low belongingness. Conclusions The UP3 is a brief, psychometrically sound measure of unbearable psychache that may be well‐suited for use in research protocols and clinical assessments.

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“…The mediating effect of psychache was demonstrated between perfectionism and suicidal ideations, 40 between general distress and suicidal ideations, 19 and between childhood traumas and suicidal ideations. 41 Montemarano et al 42 conducted a 4-year follow-up study that supported Shneidman's model and pointed out that other factors were increasing the risk for suicide only when they were associated with psychache. In the Turkish population, previous studies revealed that the average PS score of patients with major depressive disorder 25 We found the mean score of PS as 37.6 ± 15.3 in the OCD and 23.6 ± 7.1 in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

<p>Psychache and Suicidal History in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder</p>

Demirkol

Namlı

Davul³

et al. 2019

NDT

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Purpose: Suicide is an important cause of death in patients diagnosed with obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) as well as other psychiatric disorders. Early determining of risk factors provides an opportunity for intervention. The mediating effect of psychological pain (also known as psychache) on suicide has been shown in various disorders but has not been investigated in patients with OCD. In this study, we aimed to show the relationship between psychological pain and other clinical variables and suicide in OCD patients. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 67 patients diagnosed with OCD according to DSM-5 criteria with no comorbid psychiatric diagnosis who applied to the psychiatric outpatient clinic of Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine and 63 healthy controls. Among the OCD patients, 12 had previous suicide attempts. In addition to the sociodemographic data form, participants filled out the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), the Psychache Scale (PS), the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSIS), and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS). Results: OCD group's median obsession, compulsion, and the total scores of YBOCS, and the mean PS scores were higher than the control group. There was no difference between the sociodemographic variables of OCD patients with and without previous suicide attempts such as age, gender, years of education, place of residence, marital, and occupational status. The median scores of obsession, avoidance, global severity, and indecisiveness subdimensions of YBOCS, the mean BSIS and PS scores, the rates of current aggressive, current contamination, and the past religious obsessions were higher in the suicidal group. There were moderately significant relationships in the same direction between the PS, BSIS, and total YBOCS scores. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that only the PS scores predicted previous suicide attempts. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that current aggressive, current contamination, past religious obsessions, and the higher psychological pain are related to previous suicide attempts in OCD patients. Our regression analysis supports Shneidman's hypothesis: there would be no suicide without psychache. Relieving psychache in OCD patients may reduce suicide attempts even if there is no diagnosis of comorbid depression.

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A four‐year longitudinal study examining psychache and suicide ideation in elevated‐risk undergraduates: A test of Shneidman's model of suicidal behavior

Abstract: Results provided partial support for Shneidman's contention of the importance of psychache for suicidal behavior and that other psychological factors are only important to suicide insofar as they relate through psychache.

Cited by 49 publications

References 72 publications

Brief Assessment of Psychological Pain to Predict Suicidal Events at One Year in Depressed Patients

Brief Assessment of Psychological Pain to Predict Suicidal Events at One Year in Depressed Patients

A Brief Measure of Unbearable Psychache

<p>Psychache and Suicidal History in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder</p>

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