A Four-Year Hospital-Based Retrospective Study of the Predictors of Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV and Receiving Care at Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon

Anye, Cho Sabastine; Nkfusai, Claude Ngwayu; Yankam, Brenda Mbouamba; Wirsiy, Frankline Sevidzem; Tsoka-Gwegweni, Joyce Mahlako; Cumber, Samuel Nambile

doi:10.21106/ijma.299

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Smoker patients are more likely to be infected with TB compared to non-smoker patients. This result agrees with the result reported by Anye et al based on four year retrospective data of 1077 HIV patients in the Bameda regional hospital of Cameroon [60]. Our result also agrees with report of studies undertaken in Ethiopia [55,59,61].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Bayesian Parametric Modeling of Time to Tuberculosis Co-Infection of HIV/AIDS Patients Under Antiretroviral Therapy Treatment at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia

Umeta

Yermosa

Dufera

2021

Preprint

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Background: Tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection among HIV/AIDS patients, including those following Antiretroviral Therapy treatment. The risk of Tuberculosis infection is higher in people living with HIV/AIDS than in people who are free from HIV/AIDS. Many studies focused on prevalence and determinants of Tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients without taking into account the censoring aspects of the time to event data. Therefore, this study was undertaken with aim to model time to Tuberculosis co-infection of HIV/AIDS patients following Antiretroviral Therapy treatment using Bayesian parametric survival models.Methods: A data of a retrospective cohort of HIV/AIDS patients under Antiretroviral Therapy treatment follow-up from January 2016 to December 2020 until Tuberculosis was clinically diagnosed or until the end of the study was collected from Antiretroviral Therapy treatment center of Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia. In order to identify the risk factors which have association with Tuberculosis co-infection survival time, Bayesian parametric Accelerated failure time survival models were fitted to the data using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation methodology.Results: About 26.37% of the study subjects had been co-infected with tuberculosis during the study period. Among the parametric Accelerated failure time models, the Bayesian log-logistic Accelerated failure time model was found to be the best fitting model for the data.Conclusions: Tuberculosis co-infection survival time was significantly associated with place of residence, smoking, drinking alcohol, family size, WHO clinical stages, functional status, CD4 count, BMI and hemoglobin level. The finding of this study provide timely information on the risk factors associated with TB co-infection survival time for healthy policy makers and planners.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Bayesian Parametric Modeling of Time to Tuberculosis Co-Infection of HIV/AIDS Patients Under Antiretroviral Therapy Treatment at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia

Umeta

Yermosa

Dufera

2021

Preprint

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“…It was found that Smoker and alcohol user patients had shorter TB co-infection free survival time than those who are not smoker and non-alcohol users. The result of the study agrees with the result reported by Anye et al based on four year retrospective data of 1077 HIV patients in the Bameda regional hospital of Cameroon 45 . Our result also agrees with report of studies undertaken in Ethiopia 18 , 44 , 46 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The findings of this study and the results of other studies conducted in Ethiopia and other countries indicated that, HIV patients with a lower CD4 counts at a baseline are at a higher risk of co-infection with TB 10 , 18 , 45 . HIV patients with CD4 counts( and 200–349 cell/mm 3 had shorter TB free co-infection survival time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Bayesian parametric modeling of time to tuberculosis co-infection of HIV/AIDS patients at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia

Umeta

Yermosa

Dufera

2022

Sci Rep

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Tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection among HIV/AIDS patients, including those following Antiretroviral Therapy treatment. The risk of tuberculosis infection is higher in people living with HIV/AIDS than in people who are free from HIV/AIDS. Many studies focused on prevalence and determinants of tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients without taking into account the censoring aspects of the time to event data. Therefore, this study was undertaken with aim to model time to tuberculosis co-infection of HIV/AIDS patients under follow-up at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia using Bayesian parametric survival models. A data of a retrospective cohort of 421 HIV/AIDS patients under follow-up from January 2016 to December 2020 until active tuberculosis was diagnosed or until the end of the study was collected from Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia. The analysis of the data was performed using R-INLA software package. In order to identify the risk factors which have association with tuberculosis co-infection survival time, Bayesian parametric accelerated failure time survival models were fitted to the data using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation methodology. About 26.37% of the study subjects had been co-infected with tuberculosis during the study period. Among the parametric accelerated failure time models, the Bayesian log-logistic accelerated failure time model was found to be the best fitting model for the data. Patients who lived in urban areas had shorter tuberculosis co-infection free survival time compared to those who lived in rural areas with an acceleration factor of 0.2842. Patients who smoke and drink alcohol had also shorter tuberculosis co-infection survival time than those who do not smoke and drink alcohol respectively. Patients with advanced WHO clinical stages(Stage III and IV), bedridden functional status, low body mass index and severe anemic status had shorter tuberculosis co-infection survival time. Place of residence, smoking, drinking alcohol, larger family size, advanced clinical stages(Stage III and Stage IV), bedridden functional status, CD4 count ($$\le $$ ≤ 200 cells/mm3 and 200–349 cells/mm3), low body mass index and low hemoglobin are the factors that lead to shorter tuberculosis co-infection survival time in HIV/AIDS patients. The findings of the study suggested us to forward the recommendations to modify patients’ life style, early screening and treatment of opportunistic diseases like anemia , as well as effective treatment and management of tuberculosis and HIV co-infection are important to prevent tuberculosis and HIV co-infection.

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“…Tanue et al (35.6%) and Anye et al (36.5%) in this study population reported akin prevalence[26,27]. Nonetheless, a more recent survey conducted in the Central Hospital and Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé, reported a lower TB prevalence (9.1%) among PLHIV[28].…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

Predictors of advanced HIV disease in patients on antiretroviral therapy at the Buea Regional Hospital and co-infection rates of Mycobacterium spp. and Cryptococcus spp

Tcheumeni

Meriki

Sam

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and consequently the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) remain a significant public health problem, having claimed 36.3 million lives so far. In 2020, approximately 680,000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses worldwide. Despite increased access to antiretroviral treatment (ART), the burden of mortality and morbidity due to advanced HIV disease (AHD) has not significantly changed over the years. AHD individuals are more prone to opportunistic infections– including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Cryptococcal meningitis (CM). CM has been reported as a significant cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV), accounting for 15% of the global AIDS-related deaths in 2019. To keep track of the global commitments made by governments to end the AIDS epidemic as a public health threat by 2030, knowledge of the burden of AHD and its risk factors are essential. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2020 to February 2021. HIV-infected individuals on ART at the Buea Regional Hospital were screened for AHD using World Health Organization (WHO) consolidated guidelines. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the consented participants, and blood, sputum, and urine samples were collected. Acid fast bacilli microscopy detection and TB culture were carried out following standard microbiological procedures. Cryptococcus antigen lateral flow tests were performed using sera. Chi-square and regression analysis were carried out on SPSS at a p < 0.05 significance level. Results From a total of 3,229 PLHIV adults on care in the study period, 327 (10.1%) were suspected of having AHD, and were enrolled in the study. Most of the enrolled individuals were women (62.4%) and the mean age of the participants was 40.5 ± 24.7 years. A total of 130 (39.8%, [95% CI, 34.41–45.29]) participants presented with AHD and 41 (35.7%, [95% CI, 26.94–45.12]) and 7 (6.7%, [95% CI, 2.72–13.25) had TB and Cryptococcal infections, respectively. AHD was associated with male gender (aOR; 3.9, 95% CI; 1.40–11.70), and being on ART for more than 12 months was protective (aOR; 0.1, 95% CI; 0.01–0.35). Conclusion Even when ART uptake has dramatically improved in Cameroon, AHD (35.7%) is far beyond the UNAIDS reduction target of 10% by 2020 and thus, improvement in the management of PLHIV is warranted.

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A Four-Year Hospital-Based Retrospective Study of the Predictors of Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV and Receiving Care at Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Bayesian Parametric Modeling of Time to Tuberculosis Co-Infection of HIV/AIDS Patients Under Antiretroviral Therapy Treatment at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia

Bayesian Parametric Modeling of Time to Tuberculosis Co-Infection of HIV/AIDS Patients Under Antiretroviral Therapy Treatment at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia

Bayesian parametric modeling of time to tuberculosis co-infection of HIV/AIDS patients at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia

Predictors of advanced HIV disease in patients on antiretroviral therapy at the Buea Regional Hospital and co-infection rates of Mycobacterium spp. and Cryptococcus spp

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