A four-way, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study to determine the efficacy and speed of azelastine nasal spray, versus loratadine, and cetirizine in adult subjects with allergen-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis

Ellis, Anne K.; Zhu, Yuyang; Walker, Terry; Day, James H.

doi:10.1186/1710-1492-9-16

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The EEU has proven effective in multiple studies evaluating various aspects of seasonal allergic rhinitis and its treatments [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Previous studies conducted in the EEU using ragweed pollen have shown 3500 grains/m 3 ± 500 to be an optimal concentration to produce symptoms similar to those experienced in the outdoor environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Validation of Controlled Grass Pollen Challenge in the Environmental Exposure Unit (EEU)

Ellis

Steacy

Walker

2012

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Validation of Controlled Grass Pollen Challenge in the Environmental Exposure Unit (EEU)

Ellis

Steacy

Walker

2012

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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“…Recently, the EEU was used to examine azelastine nasal spray vs. orally administered cetirizine, loratadine, or placebo [57]. Azelastine nasal spray significantly reduced nasal symptoms, compared with placebo, and exhibited a faster onset of action compared to oral treatments [57].…”

Section: Intranasal Antihistamine And/or Steroid Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Allergen Challenge Facilities and Their Unique Contributions to Allergic Rhinitis Research

North

Soliman

Walker

et al. 2015

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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The aim of this study is to review advances in basic and clinical allergic rhinitis (AR) research over the past decade that have been conducted using controlled allergen challenge facility (CACF) models of allergen challenge. Databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science were searched for articles employing an ambient pollen exposure in a controlled facility to study AR, published between 2004 and the present date, using the terms as follows: CACF, Environmental Exposure Unit (EEU), Vienna Challenge Chamber (VCC), Fraunhofer Institute Environmental Challenge Chamber, Atlanta Allergen Exposure Unit, Biogenics Research Chamber, Allergen BioCube, Chiba and Osaka Environmental Challenge Chamber, exposure unit, challenge chamber, or environmental exposure chamber. Articles were then selected for relevance to the goals of the present review, including important contributions toward clinical and/or basic science allergy research. CACFs offer sensitive, specific, and reproducible methodology for allergen challenge. They have been employed since the 1980s and offer distinct advantages over traditional in-season multicentre trials when evaluating new treatments for AR. They have provided clinically applicable efficacy and pharmacologic information about important allergy medications, including antihistamines, decongestants, antileukotrienes, immunotherapies, and nasal steroids. CACF models have also contributed to basic science and novel/experimental therapy research. To date, no direct studies have been conducted comparing outcomes from one CACF to another. Over the past decade, CACF models have played an essential role in investigating the pathophysiology of AR and evaluating new therapies. The future opportunities for this model continue to expand.

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“…The patient or family was asked to score between 0 and 3 for each of four main symptoms of AR (nasal obstruction, sneezing, discharge, pruritus) (Table 1). Thus, TSS scores ranged between 0 and 12 (14).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels in children with allergic rhinitis

et al. 2017

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Aim: Knowledge about the role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases has been expanding in recent years. Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that are components of the innate immune system. Defensins have strong efficacy against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Moreover, they have regulatory functions in many physiologic processes such as antitumoral immunity, chemotaxis, inflammation, and wound healing. In this study, we aimed to investigate β-defensin 2 levels in the nasal fluids of children with allergic rhinitis. Material and Methods:Study and control groups consisted of 28 patients with newly diagnosed allergic rhinitis who were not taking any medication, and 23 healthy children. Skin prick tests were performed on patients with allergic rhinitis and disease severity was assessed using the total symptom score. Nasal fluid samples were obtained using a modified polyurethane sponge absorption method from patients and control subjects. Nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results:The median value of nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels were 173.8 pg/mL (interquartile range; 54.8-205.9 pg/mL) in allergic rhinitis group and 241.6 pg/mL (163.5-315.2 pg/mL) in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.01). Moreover, nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels showed a significant negative correlation with total symptom scores (rho= -0.78, p<0.001). Conclusions:Children with allergic rhinitis have reduced nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels compared with controls, and β-defensin 2 levels were negatively correlated with disease severity. A more definite understanding of the roles of defensins and other antimicrobial peptides in allergic inflammation can open up new horizons in the management and treatment of these common diseases. (Turk Pediatri Ars 2017; 52: 79-84)

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A four-way, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study to determine the efficacy and speed of azelastine nasal spray, versus loratadine, and cetirizine in adult subjects with allergen-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

Clinical Validation of Controlled Grass Pollen Challenge in the Environmental Exposure Unit (EEU)

Clinical Validation of Controlled Grass Pollen Challenge in the Environmental Exposure Unit (EEU)

Controlled Allergen Challenge Facilities and Their Unique Contributions to Allergic Rhinitis Research

Evaluation of nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels in children with allergic rhinitis

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