A fossil trigonotarbid arachnid with a ricinuleid-like pedipalpal claw

Dunlop, Jason A.; Kamenz, Carsten; Talarico, Giovanni Paolo

doi:10.1007/s00435-009-0090-z

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Loss of the spiny pedal gnathobases sensu stricto was regarded by Shultz as a possible arachnid synapomorphy, although our results suggest that vestiges of these structures may have been retained as the mesally expanded coxae of at least some (possibly basal) trigonotarbids. The chelate pedipalp termination in C. hindi (figure 1h) could also be significant, as post-cheliceral chelae have recently been identified in Palaeocharinidae (Dunlop et al 2009), with implications for the position of Trigonotarbida within Arachnida. While a full analysis of the relationship between the Palaeocharinidae and Anthracomartidae is beyond the scope of this paper, these shared characters suggest that it may be close.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-fidelity X-ray micro-tomography reconstruction of siderite-hosted Carboniferous arachnids

2009

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A new approach to maximize data recovery from siderite-hosted fossils is presented. Late Carboniferous trigonotarbids (Arachnida: Trigonotarbida) from Coseley, UK, were chosen to assess the potential of high-resolution X-ray micro-tomography (XMT). Three-dimensional computer reconstruction visualizes the animals at 20 mm or better resolution, resolving subtle and previously unseen details. Novel data recovered includes (possibly plesiomorphic) retention of endites on leg coxae of Cryptomartus hindi (Anthracomartidae) and highlights further similarities between this family and the Devonian Palaeocharinidae. Also revealed is a flattened body with robust anterior limbs, implying a hunting stance similar to modern crab spiders (Thomisidae). Eophrynus prestvicii (Eophrynidae) had more gracile limbs but a heavily ornamented body, with newly identified upward-pointing marginal spines on the opisthosoma. Its habitus is comparable with certain modern laniatorid harvestmen (Opiliones). These findings demonstrate the potential of XMT to revolutionize the study of siderite-hosted Coal Measures fossils.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-fidelity X-ray micro-tomography reconstruction of siderite-hosted Carboniferous arachnids

2009

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“…Divergence time estimation was performed in a Bayesian framework using BEAST v. 1.5.4 [19], with an uncorrelated lognormal model of rate evolution [20]. This approach integrates the uncertainty of calibration points and topology, considered important because the phylogenetic placement of Ricinulei within Arachnida remains uncertain [21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest refugia in Western and Central Africa as ‘museums’ of Mesozoic biodiversity

et al. 2013

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The refugial speciation model, or 'species pump', is widely accepted in the context of tropical biogeography and has been advocated as an explanation for present species distributions in tropical Western and Central Africa. In order to test this hypothesis, a phylogeny of the cryptic arachnid order Ricinulei, based on four nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers, was inferred. This ancient clade of litter-dwelling arthropods, endemic to the primary forests of Western and Central Africa and the Neotropics, might provide insights into the mode and tempo of evolution in Africa. Twentysix African ricinuleid specimens were sampled from eight countries spanning the distribution of Ricinulei on the continent, and analysed together with Neotropical samples plus other arachnid outgroups. The phylogenetic and molecular dating results suggest that Ricinulei diversified in association with the fragmentation of Gondwana. The early diversification of Ricinoides in Western and Central Africa around 88 (+33) Ma fits old palaeogeographical events better than recent climatic fluctuations. Unlike most recent molecular studies, these results agree with fossil evidence, suggesting that refugia may have acted as 'museums' conserving ancient diversity rather than as engines generating diversity during successive episodes of climatic fluctuation in Africa.

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“…Their anatomy is well known from three-dimensionally preserved specimens in the Lower Devonian Rhynie and Windyfield Chert (collectively known as the 'Rhynie cherts') of Scotland (e.g. Hirst 1923;Shear et al 1987;Fayers et al 2005;Dunlop et al 2009;Garwood and Dunlop 2010) and from early diagenetic siderite concretions, e.g. from the Upper Carboniferous Coseley Lagerstätte, UK (Garwood et al 2009;Garwood and Dunlop 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trigonotarbid arachnids from the Lower Devonian (Siegenian) of Bürdenbach (Lahrbach Valley, Westerwald area, Rhenish Slate Mountains, Germany)

Poschmann

Dunlop

2011

Paläontol. Z.

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An association of trigonotarbid arachnids from Siegenian strata of Bürdenbach in the Westerwald is described. The Bürdenbach trigonotarbids are numerically dominated by a new genus and species, Spinocharinus steinmeyeri n. gen. n. sp., which is characterized by a rounded carapace with a unique pattern of thorn-like tubercles. A comparison with previously described Devonian trigonotarbids suggests that the new taxon is most probably assignable to the family Palaeocharinidae, which is well represented by the genus Palaeocharinus from the Scottish Rhynie cherts. This would constitute the first record of Palaeocharinidae from the Rhenish Devonian and contrasts sharply with previously described Emsian associations from the Rhenish Slate Mountains, which are dominated by archaeomartids. A rare archaeomartid, Archaeomartus cf. levis, occurs in association with the putative palaeocharinids.Keywords Arachnida Á Trigonotarbida Á Spinocharinus Á Devonian Á Westerwald GermanyKurzfassung Eine Assoziation trigonotarbider Spinnentiere aus dem Siegenium von Bürdenbach im Westerwald wird beschrieben. Diese Trigonotarbiden-Assoziation wird zahlenmäßig von einer neuen Art in einer neuen Gattung, Spinocharinus steinmeyeri n. gen. n. sp., dominiert, die durch einen abgerundeten Carapax mit einer einzigartigen Verzierung aus kräftigen, dornenartigen Tuberkeln charakterisiert wird. Ein Vergleich mit bereits bekannten devonischen Trigonotarbiden zeigt große morphologische Ü bereinstimmungen mit der Familie Palaeocharinidae, die insbesondere durch die Gattung Palaeocharinus aus den schottischen Rhynie Cherts gut bekannt ist. Dies würde den ersten Nachweis von Palaeochariniden für das Rheinische Devon darstellen und kontrastiert mit früher bekannt gewordenen Trigonotarbiden-Vergesellschaftungen aus dem Rheinischen Schiefergebirge mit einem Emsium-Alter, die von Archaeomartiden dominiert werden. In Assoziation mit den mutmaßlichen Palaeochariniden tritt der seltene Archaeomartide Archaeomartus cf. levis auf.Schlü sselwörter Arachnida Á Trigonotarbida Á Spinocharinus Á Devon Á Westerwald Deutschland

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A fossil trigonotarbid arachnid with a ricinuleid-like pedipalpal claw

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

High-fidelity X-ray micro-tomography reconstruction of siderite-hosted Carboniferous arachnids

High-fidelity X-ray micro-tomography reconstruction of siderite-hosted Carboniferous arachnids

Forest refugia in Western and Central Africa as ‘museums’ of Mesozoic biodiversity

Trigonotarbid arachnids from the Lower Devonian (Siegenian) of Bürdenbach (Lahrbach Valley, Westerwald area, Rhenish Slate Mountains, Germany)

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