A fossil palm fruit Hyphaeneocarpon indicum gen. et sp. nov. from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds, India

Bande, M. B.; Prakash, U.; Ambwani, K.

doi:10.54991/jop.1982.1457

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…The evolution of these two traits is possibly correlated due to the interplay between, respectively, mutualistic and antagonistic interactions with megaherbivores [50]. Our finding is consistent with the large size of some of the Cretaceous palm fossil fruits [41,51,52], and with previous phylogenetic inferences of palm fruit size based on a binary fruit size classification (i.e. a high probability of megafaunal fruits in the ancestral palm ca 110 Ma [32]).…”

Section: (A) Cretaceous Megaherbivore-associated Plant Traitssupporting

confidence: 89%

The megaherbivore gap after the non-avian dinosaur extinctions modified trait evolution and diversification of tropical palms

2022

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The Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K-Pg) extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs (66 Ma) led to a 25 million year gap of megaherbivores (>1000 kg) before the evolution of megaherbivorous mammals in the Late Eocene (40 Ma). The botanical consequences of this ‘Palaeocene megaherbivore gap’ (PMHG) remain poorly explored. We hypothesize that the absence of megaherbivores should result in changes in the diversification and trait evolution of associated plant lineages. We used phylogenetic time- and trait-dependent diversification models with palms (Arecaceae) and show that the PMHG was characterized by speciation slowdowns, decreased evolution of armature and increased evolution of megafaunal (≥4 cm) fruits. This suggests that the absence of browsing by megaherbivores during the PMHG may have led to a loss of defence traits, but the absence of megaherbivorous seed dispersers did not lead to a loss of megafaunal fruits. Instead, increases in PMHG fruit sizes may be explained by simultaneously rising temperatures, rainforest expansion, and the subsequent radiation of seed-dispersing birds and mammals. We show that the profound impact of the PMHG on plant diversification can be detected even with the overwriting of adaptations by the subsequent Late Eocene opening up of megaherbivore-associated ecological opportunities. Our study provides a quantitative, comparative framework to assess diversification and adaptation during one of the most enigmatic periods in angiosperm history.

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Section: (A) Cretaceous Megaherbivore-associated Plant Traitssupporting

confidence: 89%

The megaherbivore gap after the non-avian dinosaur extinctions modified trait evolution and diversification of tropical palms

2022

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“…Additionally, palm subfamilies including Coryphoideae, have their centres of distribution and diversification in the tropics ( Svenning et al., 2008 ; Reichgelt et al., 2018 ). Thus, the discovery of present and previously reported coryphoid palm megafossils of different organs, namely, leaves ( Srivastava et al., 2014 ; Roy et al., 2021 ), petioles ( Trivedi and Verma, 1981 ), leaf bases ( Bonde et al., 2000 ), stems ( Mahabale, 1958 ; Lakhanpal et al., 1979 ; Ambwani, 1983 ; Ambwani and Mehrotra, 1989 ; Gayakwad and Patil, 1989 ; Bonde et al., 2008 ; Khan et al., 2020a ) and fruits ( Bande et al., 1982 ) is generally taken to indicate a warm and humid tropical climate prevailed across what is now Madhya Pradesh, central India, during Late Cretaceous-early Paleocene times. This suggested paleoclimatic condition is also supported by earlier published qualitative paleoclimatic reconstruction using nearest living relatives (NLR) analysis ( Srivastava, 2010 ; Prasad et al., 2013 ; Srivastava and Srivastava, 2014 ; Manchester et al., 2016 ; Baas et al., 2017 ; Kapgate et al., 2017 ; Khan et al., 2019 ; Smith et al., 2021 ) and quantitative paleoclimatic data using Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP) analysis ( Bhatia et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Fruits : Until recently there have been only three reports of fossil fruits of coryphoid palms from Asia, and all are from the Cretaceous-Paleocene sediments of India ( Bande et al., 1982 ; Shete and Kulkarni, 1985 ; Patil et al., 2016 ). The fossil fruit Hyphaeneocarpon indicum from the latest Maastrichtian to early Danian (earliest Paleocene) sediments of the Deccan Inter-trappean Beds of Madhya Pradesh exhibits an affinity to the extant Hyphaene alliance ( Bande et al., 1982 ). Patil et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coryphoid palms from the K-Pg boundary of central India and their biogeographical implications: Evidence from megafossil remains

Kumar¹,

Hazra²,

Spicer³

et al. 2023

Plant Diversity

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“…A combined system suggested by Bonde et al (In press) based upon terminologies used by Mahabale & Udwadia (1960) and Seubert (1997) will be feasible to resolve the artificial genus Rhizopalmoxylon Gothan. R. borassoides Awasthi et al (1996) Kaul (1951) and C. pantii Mishra (2003); Hyphaeneocarpon Bande et al (1982) and Nypa aff. fruticans Wurmb (Nypa burtini [Brongniart] Ettingshausen; Emended by Tralau, 1964).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indian fossil monocotyledons: Current Status, Recent Developments and Future Directions

Bonde

2008

JPS

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The megafossil records of monocotyledons assigned to Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) onward from India have been reviewed along with their possible resemblances with the extant members to have a meaningful taxonomic and phylogenetic relationship. The early record of angiosperm megafossils assigned to the dicotyledons is from the Lower Cretaceous horizon of Rajmahal Hills, Bihar (now Jharkhand). A thorough search for the monocotyledons is yet to be made from these beds. The Deccan Intertrappean beds which belong to Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) - Palaeocene age, are very rich in angiosperms comprising both dicotyledons and monocotyledons preserved especially in the form of permineralizations. The later epochs or series, however, are rich in compressions and impressions. The monocotyledonous flora is dominated mainly by palms (Family-Arecaceae) followed by the families of Scitamineae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Araceae. In order to understand the early monocotyledonous diversification future work is to be concentrated in the Rajmahal Intertrappeans and contemporary horizons belonging to the Lower Cretaceous Period. Thorough search for entire herbaceous elements, woody juvenile and arborescent members (palms, pandans, aroids, liliales, grasses, Cyperaceae, etc.), reconstructions of entire plants based upon organic occurrences and associations in addition to the isolated reproductive and vegetative organs of taxonomic significance is to be given priority. In depth knowledge of morphology and anatomy of comparable extant flora is required for their phylogenetic assessments.

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A fossil palm fruit Hyphaeneocarpon indicum gen. et sp. nov. from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds, India

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

The megaherbivore gap after the non-avian dinosaur extinctions modified trait evolution and diversification of tropical palms

The megaherbivore gap after the non-avian dinosaur extinctions modified trait evolution and diversification of tropical palms

Coryphoid palms from the K-Pg boundary of central India and their biogeographical implications: Evidence from megafossil remains

Indian fossil monocotyledons: Current Status, Recent Developments and Future Directions

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