A formative approach to the strategies analysis phase of cognitive work analysis

Hassall, Maureen; Sanderson, Penelope

doi:10.1080/1463922x.2012.725781

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…Initial work in this area concentrated predominantly on the first two dimensions, namely work domain analysis (Naikar, 2013;Naikar et al, 2005) and activity analysis (Ashoori and Burns, 2010;Elix and Naikar, 2008;Lamoureux and Chalmers, 2009;Lamoureux and Sartori, 2007;Naikar et al, 2006). However, over time, increasingly greater attention has been paid to the other dimensions, specifically strategies analysis (e.g., Cornelissen et al, 2013;Hassall and Sanderson, 2014), social organisation and cooperation analysis (e.g., Naikar and Elix, 2015, 2016a, 2016bPfautz and Pfautz, 2009), and worker competencies analysis (e.g., Kilgore et al, 2009). This line of work on methods and modelling tools appears to have two main motivations.…”

Section: Methods and Modelling Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive work analysis: An influential legacy extending beyond human factors and engineering

Naikar

2017

Applied Ergonomics

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Jens Rasmussen's multifaceted legacy includes cognitive work analysis (CWA), a framework for the analysis, design, and evaluation of complex sociotechnical systems. After considering the framework's origins, this paper reviews its progress, predictably covering experimental research on ecological interface design, case studies of the application of CWA to human factors and engineering problems in industry, and methods and modelling tools for CWA. Emphasis is placed, however, on studying the nexus between some of the recent results obtained with CWA and the original field studies of human problem-solving that motivated the framework's development. Of particular interest is a case study of the use of CWA for military doctrine development, a problem commonly regarded as lying outside the fields of human factors and engineering. It is concluded that the value of CWA, even for such diverse problems, is likely to result from its conceptual grounding in empirical observations of patterns of human reasoning in complex systems.

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Section: Methods and Modelling Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive work analysis: An influential legacy extending beyond human factors and engineering

Naikar

2017

Applied Ergonomics

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“…falls into the category of formative studies. Cornelissen et al (2012) and Hassall and Sanderson (2014) describe methods to search for alternative ways work can be done. Both start with an investigation into the existing domain, goals, constraints and strategies that make up work.…”

Section: Formative Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Everyday work investigations for safety

Havinga

Dekker

Rae

2017

Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science

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A key theme in safety is the investigation and improvement of work processes and conditions. This is built on a tradition of studying accidents, but there is growing interest in the investigation of everyday work. Researchers have started using terms such as success, normal, and everyday work investigations, but behind these can be different activities. This paper makes explicit some considerations behind investigations of everyday work, how these considerations shape an investigation, and how they reflect different schools of thought. These considerations can be used as an aid for designing everyday work investigations for safety and serve as a first step towards critical reflection on investigating everyday work.

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“…It can accommodate both heuristic and rational processes (Horberry & Cooke 2013, Lintern, 2011, Naikar et al 2003). (Lintern, 2011;Hassall & Sanderson, 2014). If the decision maker is faced with a novel situation, their processes would be rational and would follow a sequential route around the decision ladder from left to right.…”

Section: Decision Laddersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A classic decision ladder template was chosen for the exercise (adapted from Hassall & Sanderson, 2014). The template consists of cognitive processes and states.…”

Section: Decision Laddermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis is a formative model -describing how work can be done (Ashoori & Burns, 2010;Burns, Bryant & Chalmers, 2005;Hassall & Sanderson, 2014;Horberry & Cooke, 2013;Miller, McGuire & Feigh, 2016;Naikar et al, 2003). The model has been used to design future systems (Elix & Naikar, 2008;, Naikar & Elix, 2016a;Naikar & Elix, 2016b), and to analyse teams (Ashoori & Burns, 2013;Naikar, Moylan & Pearce, 2006 …”

Section: Recognition Primed Decision Models and The Decision Ladder Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A human factors investigation into the effectiveness of traffic incident management

Cattermole-Terzic¹

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Traffic incident management aims to maximise outcomes for road crash casualties and the safety of responders working at the scene, as well as optimising traffic flow past the incident and prompt restoration of full traffic capacity. Apart from improving road crash casualty outcomes, traffic incident management is also an important aspect of road safety because 14%-18% of all traffic incidents are secondary incidents occurring subsequent to a primary incident.Despite this, traffic incident management is relatively unexplored in research terms. The overall objective of this thesis was, therefore, to use an explorative approach to identify ways to improve traffic incident management.The first study aimed to better understand the primary safety concerns of responders at incidents. The study used interviews, focus groups, observations and surveys to explore operator perceptions of the safety and performance of their work environment. Results indicated that there were non-optimal technical issues at incidents for both responders and motorists. Non-technical issues in the work environment were also apparent and overall, responder perceptions of safety at traffic incidents was low. The findings from the first study guided further investigation of safety and performance issues at traffic incidents.In study two, a survey of 720 emergency responders was conducted to better understand the types of issues within traffic incident precincts. Technical issues identified through the survey were agency specific. Non-technical issues were consistent across all agencies and included poor inter-agency communication and poor understanding of the priorities and requirements of other agencies at incidents. The uniformity of non-technical issues across all agencies in study two directed the focus of the subsequent studies and also identified Naturalistic Decision Making as the most appropriate theory on which to base the remainder of the thesis.In the third study, the Critical Decision Method, decision ladder template and the Recognition-Primed Decision model were used to extract and map decisions made at incidents. The objectives of this study were to firstly extend these human factors tools into the traffic incident management domain; secondly, to identify system issues in the work environment; and thirdly to identify possible solutions to any identified system issues. The study identified that the Critical Decision Method was an effective knowledge elicitation tool for the analysis of responder decisions at traffic incidents, and that both the decision ladder 3 template and Recognition-Primed Decision model effectively identified system issues and corresponding solutions. Key issues identified at the scene related to inadequate technology, training and processes. The key recommendations to improve traffic incident management safety and performance included a requirement to develop an incident communication ability for all responders at the scene of large incidents, developing policies to support novice responders at their fir...

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A formative approach to the strategies analysis phase of cognitive work analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 121 publications

Cognitive work analysis: An influential legacy extending beyond human factors and engineering

Cognitive work analysis: An influential legacy extending beyond human factors and engineering

Everyday work investigations for safety

A human factors investigation into the effectiveness of traffic incident management

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