A Follow‐up Study of Severe Brain Injuries

Norrman, B.; Svahn, K. Stefan

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1961.tb07359.x

Cited by 52 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Reaction time (RT) tasks in particular appear to be sensitive to the long-lasting consequences of diffuse and focal brain damage (e.g., Miller, 1970;Norrman and Svahn, 1961;Stokx and Gaillard, 1986;van Zomeren and Deelman, 1976). General behavioral slowing is observed in older people as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Perception-Response Speed and Driving Capabilities of Brain-Damaged and Older Drivers

Korteling

1990

Hum Factors

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Three experiments including reaction time (RT) tasks and driving tasks were conducted to identify variables that may be sensitive to the effects of brain damage or aging and to determine how RT tasks relate to driving performance. In Experiment 1 mean RTs of the brain-damaged and older subjects disproportionately increased relative to those of controls, with increasing difference between subsequent compound stimuli. In Experiment 2 response accuracy of brain-damaged subjects deteriorated more than that of controls when the similarity of a task to actual driving increased. In Experiment 3 brain-damaged patients were slower and less accurate than the controls on all measures of a platoon car-following task, whereas the older subjects were only less accurate. Compared with those of the controls, brake RTs of neither the older subjects nor the patients were disproportionately affected by increasing task load. Performance on the platoon driving task could be successfully predicted by a laboratory RT task on time estimation only for the brain-damaged subjects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Perception-Response Speed and Driving Capabilities of Brain-Damaged and Older Drivers

Korteling

1990

Hum Factors

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“…For example, it has been repeatedly reported that differences in reaction times between TBI and controls increase as a function of the number of stimulus/response alternatives in the task (Norrman and Svahn, 1961;Miller, 1970;van Zomeren and Deelman, 1976). By separating reaction time from movement times, it was shown that this effect is probably cognitive in nature and independent from the motor component of the task (Ponsford and Kinsella, 1992).…”

Section: Introduction Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Motor Preparation in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury with Good Recovery

Russo

Incoccia

Formisano

et al. 2005

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) were examined in seven patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 12 matched control subjects. All patients had clinically established good recovery by the time of testing. Flexion movements of the index finger of the left or right hand were recorded in two (alternating and repetitive) self-paced conditions and in one externally triggered condition. In control subjects, the bereitschaftspotential (BP) component of MRCP was detected approximately 2000 msec prior to movement onset in the self-paced conditions and was larger and earlier in the alternating compared to the repetitive condition. The BP component was absent in the externally triggered condition. In TBI patients, the BP was greatly reduced and no difference between the alternating-repetitive conditions was detected; in contrast, only small differences were present in the controls for the negative slope (NS) and MP components and no difference for the reafferent positivity (RAP) component. A dipole analysis indicated the supplementary motor area and the premotor area as the likely generators of BP and NS components, respectively. Gradientrecalled echo magnetic resonance imaging allowed the detection of a number of small hypointense lesions primarily located in the frontal lobes, as in diffuse axonal injury. This pattern of results indicates a selective deficit in motor preparation and a relatively spared pattern of activation during and following movement in these patients. Imaging data appear generally consistent with the pattern of MRCPs observed in the patient group. Implications of these results for the problem of slowness in TBI patients are discussed.

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“…Norrman and Svahn (1961) reported positive correlations between duration of PTA and the degree of visual and verbal memory deficits, and this was also the observation of Russell and Smith (1961). On the other hand, Anderson (1942) found no such relation and argued that psychogenic factors determined the quality of survival, and Dencker (1958) suggested that duration of PTA was not predictive of subsequent cognitive impairment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…However, relative to the assessment of cognitive impairment and initial neurological state the findings in the literature are also inconclusive. Robertson andPollard (1966), Hendrick (1959), and Richardson (1963) found that decerebrate rigidity was not necessarily associated with severe cognitive sequelae, and Norrman and Svahn (1961) reported that the initial neurological state correlated only with a three-choice, reaction-time task. The results of this study sug-…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of site of impact on cognitive impairment persisting long after severe closed head injury

Smith

1974

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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SYNOPSISThe cognitive abilities of right-handed men who had sustained a severe closed head injury between 10 and 20 years earlier were studied. Results showed that a right-sided impact produced greater deficits than a left-sided impact in both verbal and non-verbal skills. The results are interpreted as reflecting left hemisphere damage due to contrecoup injury. Some evidence that a left frontal impact was apt to result in defective visual-spatial functioning is presented. These observations accord with some theories on the mechanics of head injury and with observations on the predictability of sites of cerebral contusion in brain injury uncomplicated by dural penetration, intracranial infection, or cerebral infarction. The roles of the duration of post-traumatic amnesia, the level of neurological responsiveness at the time of admission to hospital, and the age at which the injury was sustained are also discussed.

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A Follow‐up Study of Severe Brain Injuries

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Perception-Response Speed and Driving Capabilities of Brain-Damaged and Older Drivers

Perception-Response Speed and Driving Capabilities of Brain-Damaged and Older Drivers

Abnormal Motor Preparation in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury with Good Recovery

Influence of site of impact on cognitive impairment persisting long after severe closed head injury

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