A focused ethnography of the culture of inclusive caring practice in the intensive care unit

Abstract

The concept "caring" is complex. Numerous theoretical and operational perspectives of caring within the context of nursing have emerged. The ongoing discussion about what constitutes caring within nursing practice domains is nowhere more evident than in the adult ICU specialization, where humanistic caring is juxtaposed with advanced technology. Caring in ICU has been discussed in terms of one entity as the patient (Cutler et al., 2013), their family (Mackie et al., 2017), nurses (Hales et al., 2018), health professionals (Handberg & Voss, 2018) or a couple of entities such as patients and nurses (Happ et al., 2014). However, ICU is not limited to caring for patients, their families and nursing staff. This study examines the multidimensional inclusive nature of caring in ICU. | BACKG ROU N DSeveral authors discussed different caring ICU entities from various perspectives, including patients' perspectives and experiences of care (Cutler et al., 2013), patients' descriptions of the art of nursing (Gramling, 2004), and patients' perceptions of nursing care qual-

Inequity in clinical research access for service users presenting comorbidity within alcohol treatment settings: findings from a focused ethnographic study

“…Focused ethnography is a pragmatic and feasible qualitative methodology, whose limited timeframe and context-speci c nature enable an understanding of speci c social mechanisms within the context of clinical care and applied research [36]. The use of focused ethnography as a qualitative mode of inquiry has become increasingly well-established as a method to study social interactions within healthcare settings [37,38].…”

Inequity in clinical research access for service users presenting comorbidity within alcohol treatment settings: findings from a focused ethnographic study

“…Focused ethnography is a pragmatic and feasible qualitative methodology, whose limited timeframe and context-specific nature enable an understanding of specific social mechanisms within the context of clinical care and applied research [ 36 ]. The use of focused ethnography as a qualitative mode of inquiry has become increasingly well-established as a method to study social interactions within healthcare settings [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Intensive Care Nurses’ Experience of Caring in Greece; A Qualitative Study

“…Although caring is a concept that has become synonymous with "nursing care" and "plans of care" [5], it still remains a fuzzy and complex term that has attracted various definitions and conceptualizations [6][7][8]. According to Leininger [9], who was one of the first theorists to define caring, caring is a term that describes "those actions and activities directed toward assisting, supporting, or enabling another individual or group with evident or anticipated needs to ameliorate or improve a human condition or lifeway" (p.4).…”

“…ICU settings facilitate the delivery of care to patients who are in the midst of a life-threatening physiological crisis [14]. In his or her job, the nurse serves as a key hub for all activities involving the patient [6]. It is important to take into consideration that caring for patients in an ICU can take many forms [6].…”

“…In his or her job, the nurse serves as a key hub for all activities involving the patient [6]. It is important to take into consideration that caring for patients in an ICU can take many forms [6]. It is worth noting that there have been quite a few qualitative studies into critical care, but they have mostly focused on the experience of certain aspects of ICU nursing, such as managing non-invasive ventilation patients [15], nurses' perceptions of patients' thirst in ICU [16], nurses' perceptions of futile care and caring behaviors [13], nurses' experiences of caring for dying patients [17], and others [18][19][20][21][22].…”