A Fluorescent Probe for Fast and Quantitative Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide in Blood

Abstract

The dose makes the poison: Hydrogen sulfide is an important gasotransmitter for which rapid detection agents are needed. A hydrogen sulfide probe, which allows for fast (within seconds), selective, and quantitative detection in buffer solution, serum, and whole blood is designed, synthesized, and used for detection of hydrogen sulfide (see picture).

Highly sensitive sulphide mapping in live cells by kinetic spectral analysis of single Au-Ag core-shell nanoparticles

“…Although the PNP probes have performed as well as the fluorescent probes reported previously [23][24][25][26][27][28] , due to the ensemble average effect, bulk measurements are intrinsically not as sensitive as single-particle measurements. The AuNR-Ag PNP with a 2.1-nm thick silver shell, for example, contains B6 Â 10 5 silver atoms, which translates to B30 mM Ag for a B50 pM PNP solution.…”

“…During the past several years, several research groups have developed sulphide-responsive fluorescent organic molecules to detect H 2 S in live cells and have achieved selective intracellular sulphide imaging with limits of detection of 1-10 mM (ref. [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Although most publications suggest that the average endogenous H 2 S level is in the mM range, much lower sulphide concentrations have been reported 29 .…”

“…More importantly, the anabolism and catabolism of cellular sulphide are known to be rapid, which means that the sulphide concentration could fluctuate continuously from as high as submM during its explosive production to as low as a few nM after its rapid consumption 30 . However, almost all existing H 2 Ssensing methods are based on some irreversible stoichiometric reaction between the probe and sulphide species [23][24][25][26][27][28] and cannot be utilized to monitor the dynamics of sulphide generation and elimination inside cells, especially at the single-molecule level. Therefore, more sensitive methods that are capable of following time-dependent changes in H 2 S concentrations over a large dynamic range are needed for in-depth studies of this gaseous transmitter.…”

Expanding the chemistry of fluorescent protein biosensors through genetic incorporation of unnatural amino acids

“…81,[84][85][86][87][88] Recent reports described several small-molecule fluorescent probes for H 2 S detection in living systems. [89][90][91][92][93][94] All these designs are based on H 2 S-specific reactions. A reaction-based FP sensor for H 2 S was also constructed by Chen and co-workers.…”

FRET ratiometric probes reveal the chiral-sensitive cysteine-dependent H2S production and regulation in living cells

“…Recently, they further reported a novel possible pathway for the production of H 2 S from D-cysteine in mammalian cells 12 . As new biogenesis and biological functions of H 2 S continue to emerge [12][13][14][15] , new biocompatible tools to selectively visualize cellular H 2 S in real-time at its site of release are urgently needed 11 .Fluorescent probes could be used for H 2 S detection in a non-invasive manner in living systems [13][14][15][16][17] . The probebased tools have been successfully used to image endogenous H 2 S production from thiol substrates including LCys and glutathione (GSH) 13 or by vascular endothelial growth factor stimulation 17 .…”