“…Similarly, the O 1s observed at 528 and ∼529.75, ∼529.6, 530.07–531.18, and ∼533.08 eV corresponded to metal O, OH, OC, CO, and C–O bonds, respectively; the functional groups were also observed by FTIR analysis (Figure ). Moreover, the N 1s spectrum revealed peaks at ∼395, ∼397.4, ∼397.5–397.65, ∼398.6, ∼397.28, and ∼400.18 eV corresponding to N–N, N–C, N–H, pyridinic N (N-6), N–H, and C–N 3 bonds, respectively. Similarly, the Si 2p spectrum appeared at 100.8–103.78 eV corresponding to Si–C and Si–O–C bonds, respectively.…”