The multiple physiologic functions ofangiotensin H (All) are generally supposed to be mediated by the peptide generated in the blood circulation. In addition to this extracellular mechanism of AII formation, we have obtained immunohistochemical evidence for the intracellular synthesis ofAll in the kidney. Rats were perfused with fixative, and paraffin sections of the kidneys were processed with antisera against renin (EC 3.4.99.19), AII, and other components ofthe renin-angiotensin system. Renin immunoreactivity was regularly observed in the epithelioid granular cells in the media ofthe afferent vessel ofthe glomerulus. All immunoreactivity was found to coexist within the same cells. This observation points to an intracellular production of All in the juxtaglomerular epithelioid granular cells. AUl may then be released concomitantly with renin in the interstitial fluid and in the blood. The paracrine secretion of All could exert a local regulatory influence on the tonus of the glomerular vessels.