A Fluctuating Line-of-Sight Fading Model With Double-Rayleigh Diffuse Scattering

Closed-Form and Asymptotic BER Analysis of the Fluctuating Double-Rayleigh With Line-of-Sight Fading Channel

“…Let us start with a brief description of the proposed in [1] fluctuating double-Rayleigh with line-of-sight fading channel model. It is generally assumed that the signal propagating within the wireless channel can be represented as the combination of the line-of-sight component that undergoes shadowing with average magnitude 𝜔 0 and uniformly distributed phase 𝜙 ∼ 𝑈 [0, 2𝜋) (for conformity one uses the initial notation given in [1]) and double-Rayleigh fading (dRf) component 𝜔 2 𝐺 2 𝐺 3 :…”

“…Assuming that the channel is normalized (i.e., E|𝑆| 2 = 1) and noticing that |𝐺 2 | 2 follows exponential distribution with unit mean value (see [1]), the probability density function of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio 𝛾 (defined in terms of the average signal-to-noise ratio γ and the squared signal envelope |𝑆| 2 , i.e., 𝛾 = γ|𝑆| 2 ) is given by (see [1])…”

“…It should be specifically emphasized that due to the complex substitutions, (2) does not have a closed-form solution for arbitrary values of parameters, although [1] presents a simplified result for the case of 𝑚 ∈ Z + . Its weak point is that it does not cover a practically highly valuable case of 0.5 ≤ 𝑚 < 1, which constitutes the heaviest fading scenario (the so-called hyper-Rayleigh, see [8], [10]).…”

Capacity Analysis of the Fluctuating Double-Rayleigh with Line-of-Sight Fading Channel

“…The recent achievements in this area are mainly associated with the combination of the aforementioned approaches as it was proposed in [17], where the double-Rayleigh model [7] was further generalized by introducing the Gamma-distributed shadowing of the LoS component. It was demonstrated (see Section III in [17]) that such a model helps to avoid the overestimation of the peak probability density existing in the classical double-Rayleigh with LoS models (dRLoS) (see [18], for instance, for the IK model).…”

“…For such a model, the closed-form expression for the probability density function (pdf) was obtained in [17], although in the form that does not make further analytical derivations possible. For a specific case of the integer fading parameter, a simplified expressions for the pdf and cumulative density function were obtained and applied to the problem of the outage probability analysis [17]. Later, a closed-form bit error rate performance was examined, and the impact of fading parameters on the error rate was discussed [19].…”