A flow paradigm in heavy-ion collisions

Yan, Li

doi:10.1088/1674-1137/42/4/042001

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…We call this particular solution the "attractor solution" since the solutions corresponding to different initial conditions will eventually converge to this attractor solution at late time. Thus defined, the attractor 3 The values of the coefficients B (2) 1 obtained in this section agree with those given in [16] for both constant and conformal τR. solution joins smoothly the two (stable) fixed points that we have identified.…”

Section: The Attractor Solutionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…(2) 2 which involves b 2 , hence L 2 ). 3 This example illustrates a subtle aspect of the gradient expansion. We have argued earlier that the coefficients α (n) 0 vanish, that is, there is no genuine gradient expansion for the energy density, in the sense of a constitutive equation analogous to Eq.…”

Section: Asymptotic Behavior From the Kinetic Equationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…5 The approach to hydrodynamics within the two-moment truncation 23 5.1 Perturbative corrections to free streaming at small time 23 5.2 Reducing the linear system to a second order differential equation One of the striking features of relativistic heavy-ion experiments at RHIC and the LHC is the collective, fluid dynamical, behavior of matter produced in these collisions. Relativistic hydrodynamics has thus become an essential tool in the modeling of these collisions, and many bulk observables are well understood from simulations based on such a framework (for recent reviews see for instance [1][2][3], and also [4] dealing with the special case of small colliding systems). These phenomenological studies have been accompanied by many theoretical developments, leading to a better understanding of the foundations of relativistic hydrodynamics, as well as improved numerical implementations of higher order viscous corrections (see e.g.…”

Section: Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of hydrodynamical behavior in expanding ultra-relativistic plasmas

Blaizot

Yan

2020

Annals of Physics

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We use a set of simple angular moments to solve the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation for a boost invariant longitudinally expanding gluonic plasma. The transition from the free streaming regime at early time to the hydrodynamic regime at late time is well captured by the first two-moments, corresponding to the monopole and quadrupole components of the momentum distribution, or equivalently to the energy density and the difference between the longitudinal and the transverse pressures. We relate this property to the existence of fixed points in the infinite hierarchy of equations satisfied by the moments. These fixed points are already present in the two-moment truncations and are only moderately affected by the coupling to higher moments. Collisions contribute to a damping of all the non trivial moments. At late time, when the hydrodynamic regime is entered, only the monopole and quadrupole moments are significant and remain strongly coupled, the decay of the quadrupole moment being delayed by the expansion, causing in turn a delay in the full isotropization of the system. The two-moment truncation contains second order viscous hydrodynamics, in its various variants, and third order hydrodynamics, together with explicit values of the relevant transport coefficients, can be easily obtained from the three-moment truncation. arXiv:1904.08677v1 [nucl-th] 18 Apr 2019 D Gradient expansions in the two-moment truncation

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Section: The Attractor Solutionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Asymptotic Behavior From the Kinetic Equationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of hydrodynamical behavior in expanding ultra-relativistic plasmas

Blaizot

Yan

2020

Annals of Physics

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“…Recall that the charged particle distribution can be decomposed into different harmonic components as in Eq. (1) in which the harmonic coefficients reflect the response of the final-state momentum-space distribution to the initial anisotropy in coordinate space. Similarly, we can expect that the anisotropy in the vortical structure of the early or intermediate stage fluid can be reflected in the harmonic coefficients of the spin-polarization observable as given in…”

Section: Spin Polarization Of Hyperonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal vorticity and spin polarization in heavy-ion collisions

2019

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The hot and dense matter generated in heavy-ion collisions contains intricate vortical structure in which the local fluid vorticity can be very large. Such vorticity can polarize the spin of the produced particles. We study the event-by-event generation of the so-called thermal vorticity in Au + Au collisions at energy region √ s = 7.7 − 200 GeV and calculate its time evolution, spatial distribution, etc., in a multiphase transport (AMPT) model. We then compute the spin polarization of the Λ andΛ hyperons as a function of √ s, transverse momentum pT , rapidity, and azimuthal angle. Furthermore, we study the harmonic flow of the spin, in a manner analogous to the harmonic flow of the particle number. The measurement of the spin harmonic flow may provide a way to probe the vortical structure in heavy-ion collisions. We also discuss the spin polarization of Ξ 0 and Ω − hyperons, which may provide further information about the spin polarization mechanism of hadrons.

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“…[14][15][16], the authors study the transformation from the initial state participant-plane correlations to the final-state eventplane correlations. Recently, people realize that study four quantities together, i.e., initial state eccentricities, participant-plane correlations, final state flows and participant-plane correlations, will provide new information for further understanding the transformation effect of the system evolution process [17][18][19][20]. In addition, flow harmonic coefficients up to sixth-order with their associated event-plane correlations for Pb+Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV have been published and discussed in LHC experiment [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamical response of plane correlation in Pb + Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76TeV

Yang

Zhang

2019

Int. J. Mod. Phys. E

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In high energy heavy-ion collisions, the final anisotropic flow coefficients and their corresponding eventplane correlations are considered as the medium evolutional response to the initial geometrical eccentricities and their corresponding participant-plane correlations. We formulate a systematic theoretical analysis to study the hydrodynamical responses concerning higher order effects in Pb+Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV by using Monte Carlo Glauber (MC-Glauber) model. To further understand the transformations of the initial participantplane correlation, we construct a new set of events which randomize the directions of the initial participant planes of the original events. Our results indicate that the final strong event-plane correlations are mainly transformed from the large initial eccentricities, rather than the strong participant-plane correlations. However, the large flow coefficients and the discrepancies between the flow coefficients calculated by the single-shot and event-by-event simulations in peripheral collisions are relevant to those strong initial participant-plane correlations.

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A flow paradigm in heavy-ion collisions

Cited by 35 publications

References 167 publications

Emergence of hydrodynamical behavior in expanding ultra-relativistic plasmas

Emergence of hydrodynamical behavior in expanding ultra-relativistic plasmas

Thermal vorticity and spin polarization in heavy-ion collisions

Hydrodynamical response of plane correlation in Pb + Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76TeV

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