A flow cytometric assessment of the lymphocyte immunophenotypes in dogs naturally infected with Babesia rossi

Rautenbach, Yolandi; Goddard, Amelia; Thompson, Peter N.; Mellanby, Richard J.; Leisewitz, Andrew L.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.05.001

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Another possible explanation could be that various subpopulations of T‐lymphocytes (ie helper T‐lymphocytes, cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes) alter their expression of cell surface markers during activation, proliferation and differentiation. A flow cytometric analysis of circulating blood lymphocyte subpopulations in dogs naturally infected with Babesia rossi revealed a significant reduction in peripheral T‐lymphocyte populations in both complicated and uncomplicated cases of babesiosis . The authors suggested that functional immunosuppression could be an important consequence of this observation .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A flow cytometric analysis of circulating blood lymphocyte subpopulations in dogs naturally infected with Babesia rossi revealed a significant reduction in peripheral T‐lymphocyte populations in both complicated and uncomplicated cases of babesiosis . The authors suggested that functional immunosuppression could be an important consequence of this observation . It could be argued that lymphocyte depletion during acute infection results in immunosuppression and contributes to a fatal outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that Babesia parasites, like other protozoans, influence B‐lymphocyte development and progression . In a flow cytometric study by Rautenbach et al, it was shown that B. rossi infection resulted in a depletion of CD21 positive B‐lymphocytes in blood . As such, it does appear that B. rossi results in a generalized (even if transient) depletion of important cells of acquired immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 In a flow cytometric study by Rautenbach et al, it was shown that B. rossi infection resulted in a depletion of CD21 positive B-lymphocytes in blood. 52 As such, it does appear that B.…”

Section: Alternatively Activated Macrophages Have Been Shown To Sup-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The pathology of the spleen in lethal canine babesiosis caused by Babesia rossi

Henning

Clift

Leisewitz

2020

Parasite Immunology

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To provide useful information based on the macropathology, histopathology and immunohistochemical investigation in the spleens of dogs with Babesia rossi infection. Control spleens were collected from four healthy dogs euthanized for welfare reasons. Nine dogs that died naturally because of a mono‐infection with Babesia rossi were selected for the diseased group. One haematoxylin‐and‐eosin–stained section of splenic tissue from each of the infected and control dogs was examined under the light microscope. Immunohistochemical markers were applied to characterize different immunocyte populations. The application of analytic software enabled semi‐quantitative comparison of leucocyte subpopulations. Routine splenic histopathology revealed diffuse intermingling of white and red pulp from infected dogs with a clear loss of distinction between these zones. Immunohistochemistry revealed an increase in the proportion of tissue resident and bone marrow origin macrophages in the infected spleens. Apart from a few remnant lymphocytes within the peri‐arteriolar lymphatic sheaths and follicles, the majority of the immunocytes redistributed to the red pulp, supporting the observation of white and red pulp intermingling. The majority of our findings are in agreement with histomorphological descriptions of the spleen in a variety of noncanid mammalian hosts with lethal malaria or babesiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 In a flow cytometric study by Rautenbach et al, it was shown that B. rossi infection resulted in a depletion of CD21 positive B-lymphocytes in blood. 52 As such, it does appear that B.…”

Section: Alternatively Activated Macrophages Have Been Shown To Sup-mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The pathology of the spleen in lethal canine babesiosis caused by Babesia rossi

Henning

Clift

Leisewitz

2020

Parasite Immunology

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“…Babesia rossi is a hemoprotozoan parasite, transmitted by Haemophysalis elliptica ticks, and is considered the most pathogenic of the large canine babesias (1,2). The severity of the disease has been reported to be due to an exuberant and ineffective immune response that sometimes results in lethal collateral organ damage (3)(4)(5)(6). Recent studies have confirmed the presence of a marked pro-inflammatory response in dogs infected with B. rossi, of which the severity was correlated with patient outcome (7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase Index in Dogs With Babesiosis Caused by Babesia rossi

et al. 2020

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Babesiosis caused by the virulent tick-borne hemoprotozoan, Babesia rossi, results in a marked systemic inflammatory host response in dogs. Neutrophils form part of the innate immune response and contains myeloperoxidase (MPO) as the predominant component of the neutrophil lysosomal protein in azurophilic granules. The neutrophil myeloperoxidase index (MPXI), determined on the ADVIA hematology analyzer, is a quantitative estimate of intracellular MPO content. Objectives of this study were to: (a) compare MPXI in dogs with babesiosis with healthy control dogs; (b) compare MPXI in dogs that died from babesiosis with dogs that survived and controls; and (c) correlate the MPXI with the previously determined segmented and band neutrophil count and cytokine concentrations in dogs with babesiosis. Data for 140 dogs naturally infected with B. rossi and 20 healthy control dogs were retrospectively evaluated. Neutrophil counts and MPXI were determined on an ADVIA 2120 analyzer. Cytokine concentrations [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1)] were determined using a canine-specific multiplex immunoassay. The mortality rate of the Babesia-infected dogs was 11% (15/140). MPXI was significantly higher in Babesia-infected dogs (P = 0.033), and in Babesia-infected non-survivors (P = 0.011), compared with healthy control dogs. In Babesia-infected dogs a significant positive correlation was found between MPXI and IL-10 (r = 0.211, P = 0.039) and a significant negative correlation was found between MPXI and IL-8 (r = −0.350, P < 0.001). In Babesia-infected non-survivors, significant positive correlations were found between MPXI and IL-2 (r = 0.616, P = 0.033), IL-6 (r = 0.615, P = 0.033), IL-18 (r = 0.613, P = 0.034), GM-CSF (r = 0.630, P = 0.028), and MCP-1 (r = 0.713, P = 0.009). In Babesia-infected survivors, a significant negative correlation was found between MPXI and IL-8 (r = −0.363, P = 0.001). MPXI was correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in Babesia-infected dogs that died. The potential of MPXI as a novel marker of inflammation and prognosis in dogs infected with B. rossi, thus warrants further investigation.

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Antiprotozoal treatment of canine babesiosis

Baneth

2018

Veterinary Parasitology

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Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by several Babesia spp. which have different susceptebility to anti-protozoal drugs. A few drugs and drug combinations are used in the treatment of canine babesiosis often without complete parasite elimination leaving treated dogs as carriers which could relapse with clinical disease and also transmit infection further. Although the large form canine babesial species Babesia canis, Babesia vogeli and Babesia rossi are sensitive to the aromatic diamidines imidocarb dipropionate and diminazene aceturate, small form species such as Babesia gibsoni, Babesia conradae and Babesia vulpes (Theileria annae) are relatively resistant to these drugs and are treated with the combination of the hydroxynaphthoquinone atovaquone and the antibiotic azithromycin. Azithromycin and other antibiotics that have anti-protozoal properties target the apicoplast, a relict plastid found in protozoa, and exert a delayed death effect. The triple combination of clindamycin, diminazene aceturate and imidocarb dipropionate is also effective against B. gibsoni and used to treat atovaquone-resistant strains of this species. Novel drugs and the synergistic effects of drug combinations against Babesia infection should be explored further to find new treatments for canine babesiosis.

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A flow cytometric assessment of the lymphocyte immunophenotypes in dogs naturally infected with Babesia rossi

Cited by 15 publications

References 80 publications

The pathology of the spleen in lethal canine babesiosis caused by Babesia rossi

The pathology of the spleen in lethal canine babesiosis caused by Babesia rossi

Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase Index in Dogs With Babesiosis Caused by Babesia rossi

Antiprotozoal treatment of canine babesiosis

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