A flexible genetic toolkit for arthropod neurogenesis

Stollewerk, Angelika

doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0044

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Chelicerata and Myriapoda have been less frequently studied and seem to display a remarkably different pattern of immunoreacticity than Tetraconata (Washington et al, 1994 ;Harzsch, 2004;Brenneis and Scholtz, 2015). Furthermore, Chelicerata and Myriapoda differ substantially in the mode of neurogenesis compared with Crustacea and Hexapoda (reviewed in Stollewerk, 2008Stollewerk, , 2016, supporting the Tetraconata concept (discussed in detail by Harzsch et al, 2005). Thus, the following considerations will focus on Tetraconata.…”

Section: Comparison Of Serotonin-immunoreactive Neurons In the Vnc Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a caveat toward an approach that considers cellular homologies between arthropod taxa based on common developmental origin (Thomas et al, ) came from studies that showed different morphological mechanisms for neurogenesis among arthropods (Dohle and Scholtz, ; reviewed in Stollewerk, ). Whereas insect neuroblasts delaminate from the ventral neuroectoderm, crustacean neuroblasts remain in the ventralmost cell layer (reviewed in Stollewerk, ). This called into question whether neuroblasts in insects are homologous to neuroblasts in crustaceans (Dohle and Scholtz, ; Scholtz, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Serotonin‐containing neurons in basal insects: In search of ground patterns among tetraconata

Stemme¹,

Stern²,

Bicker³

2016

J of Comparative Neurology

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The ventral nerve cord of Tetraconata contains a comparably low number of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons, facilitating individual identification of cells and their characteristic neurite morphology. This offers the rather unique possibility of establishing homologies at the single cell level. Because phylogenetic relationships within Tetraconata are still discussed controversially, comparisons of individually identifiable neurons can help to unravel these issues. Serotonin immunoreactivity has been investigated in numerous tetraconate taxa, leading to reconstructions of hypothetical ground patterns for major lineages. However, detailed descriptions of basal insects are still missing, but are crucial for meaningful evolutionary considerations. We investigated the morphology of individually identifiable serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the ventral nerve cord of Zygentoma (Thermobia domestica, Lepisma saccharina, Atelura formicaria) and Archaeognatha (Machilis germanica, Dilta hibernica). To improve immunocytochemical resolution, we also performed preincubation experiments with 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan and serotonin. Additionally, we checked for immunolabeling of tryptophan hydroxylase, an enzyme associated with the synthesis of serotonin. Besides the generally identified groups of anterolateral, medial, and posterolateral neurons within each ganglion of the ventral nerve cord, we identified several other immunoreactive cells, which seem to have no correspondence in other tetraconates. Furthermore, we show that not all immunoreactive neurons produce serotonin, but have the capability for serotonin uptake. Comparisons with the patterns of serotonin-containing neurons in major tetraconate taxa suggest a close phylogenetic relationship of Remipedia, Cephalocarida, and Hexapoda, supporting the Miracrustacea hypothesis. J. Comp. Neurol., 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:79-115, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Comparison Of Serotonin-immunoreactive Neurons In the Vnc Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin‐containing neurons in basal insects: In search of ground patterns among tetraconata

Stemme¹,

Stern²,

Bicker³

2016

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…Many aspects of cellular and genetic bases of neural development are conserved in animals (Denes et al 2007 ; Hartenstein and Stollewerk 2015 ). In particular, the gene networks involved in specifying neural precursors and their spatial identity are highly conserved in insects and partly even in other arthropods (Wheeler et al 2005 ; Stollewerk and Simpson 2005 ; Eriksson and Stollewerk 2010 ; Biffar and Stollewerk 2014 ; Stollewerk 2016 ). Homology of neural lineages has been suggested based on Crustacean neuroblasts, which show a comparable spatial arrangement, timing of delamination, transcription factor expression, and projection patterns as their insect counterparts (Ungerer and Scholtz 2008 ).…”

Section: Diversity Of Adult Brain Morphology and Developmental Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The insect central complex as model for heterochronic brain development—background, concepts, and tools

et al. 2016

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The adult insect brain is composed of neuropils present in most taxa. However, the relative size, shape, and developmental timing differ between species. This diversity of adult insect brain morphology has been extensively described while the genetic mechanisms of brain development are studied predominantly in Drosophila melanogaster. However, it has remained enigmatic what cellular and genetic mechanisms underlie the evolution of neuropil diversity or heterochronic development. In this perspective paper, we propose a novel approach to study these questions. We suggest using genome editing to mark homologous neural cells in the fly D. melanogaster, the beetle Tribolium castaneum, and the Mediterranean field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus to investigate developmental differences leading to brain diversification. One interesting aspect is the heterochrony observed in central complex development. Ancestrally, the central complex is formed during embryogenesis (as in Gryllus) but in Drosophila, it arises during late larval and metamorphic stages. In Tribolium, it forms partially during embryogenesis. Finally, we present tools for brain research in Tribolium including 3D reconstruction and immunohistochemistry data of first instar brains and the generation of transgenic brain imaging lines. Further, we characterize reporter lines labeling the mushroom bodies and reflecting the expression of the neuroblast marker gene Tc-asense, respectively.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00427-016-0542-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The genes controlling neurogenesis are highly conserved across animals [42] and development of key structures such as the cerebellum in vertebrates is increasingly well understood [43]. By contrast, there are few examples where a direct link between genes and specific behaviours have been demonstrated (see [44] for a review).…”

Section: Variation In Ability Technique and Skill (A) Variation In Amentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of skill in animal contests: a neglected component of fighting ability

Briffa¹,

Lane²

2017

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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What attributes make some individuals more likely to win a fight than others? A range of morphological and physiological traits have been studied intensely but far less focus has been placed on the actual agonistic behaviours used. Current studies of agonistic behaviour focus on contest duration and the vigour of fighting. It also seems obvious that individuals that fight more skilfully should have a greater chance of winning a fight. Here, we discuss the meaning of skill in animal fights. As the activities of each opponent can be disrupted by the behaviour of their rival, we differentiate among ability, technique and skill itself. In addition to efficient, accurate and sometimes precise movement, skilful fighting also requires rapid decision-making, so that appropriate tactics and strategies are selected. We consider how these different components of skill could be acquired, through genes, experiences of play-fighting and of real fights. Skilful fighting can enhance resource holding potential (RHP) by allowing for sustained vigour, by inflicting greater costs on opponents and by minimizing the chance of damage. Therefore, we argue that skill is a neglected but important component of RHP that could be readily studied to provide new insights into the evolution of agonistic behaviour.

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A flexible genetic toolkit for arthropod neurogenesis

Cited by 17 publications

References 103 publications

Serotonin‐containing neurons in basal insects: In search of ground patterns among tetraconata

Serotonin‐containing neurons in basal insects: In search of ground patterns among tetraconata

The insect central complex as model for heterochronic brain development—background, concepts, and tools

The role of skill in animal contests: a neglected component of fighting ability

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