“…These have included studies of the terms applied to images through social tagging (Golbeck, Koepfler & Emmerling, 2011; Sun et al, 2011; Bar‐Ilan, 2010; Rorissa, 2010; Stvilia & Jörgensen, 2010), image description (Zeng, 1999) and image indexing (Ménard, 2013; Ménard & Smithglass, 2012; Wang et al, 2011; Matusiak, 2008; Rorissa & Iyer, 2008; Choi & Rasmussen, 2003; Chen, 2001, Jörgensen, 1998; Fidel, 1997; Enser & McGregor, 1992). Image retrieval studies in the literature within the domain have generally consisted of those that examine automatic retrieval processes based on image content (Bordogna & Pagani 2010; Zachary, Iyengar & Barhen, 2001) and those which rely on text‐based methods (Westman, Laine‐Hernandes & Oittinen, 2011; Greisdorf & O'Connor, 2002; Hastings, 1999). The possible benefit of combining these two methods has also been examined (Apostolova et al, 2013; Névéol et al 2009; Jörgensen, 2003; Enser, 2000).…”